There are 26 letters in the English language. In different combinations and positions they represent 44 sounds.
In the English language, there are 24 consonant sounds, and they are represented in writing by 20 letters: Bb; Cc; Dd; Ff; Gg ; Hh; Jj; Kk; LI; mm; Nn; Pp; Qq; Rr; Ss; Tt; Vv; Ww; Xx; Zz.
In the English language, there are 12 vowel sounds and 8 diphthongs, and they are represented in writing by 6 letters: Aa; Ee; li; Oo; Uu; Yy. 
Video:
[English language. Beginner course. Maria Rarenko. First educational channel.]
Transcription and stress
Phonetic transcription is an international system of symbols used to show exactly how words should be pronounced. Each sound is shown with a separate icon. These icons are always written in square brackets.
The transcription indicates verbal stress (which syllable in the word the stress falls on). Accent mark [‘]
placed before the stressed syllable.
English consonants
- Features of English consonants
- English consonants expressed by letters b, f, g, m, s, v, z, are close in pronunciation to the corresponding Russian consonants, but should sound more energetic and intense.
- English consonants are not softened.
- Voiced consonants are never deafened - neither before voiceless consonants, nor at the end of a word.
- Double consonants, that is, two identical consonants next to each other, are always pronounced as one sound.
- Some English consonants are pronounced aspirated: the tip of the tongue must be pressed firmly against the alveoli (the tubercles where the teeth are attached to the gums). Then the air between the tongue and teeth will pass with force, and the result will be a noise (explosion), that is, aspiration.
Rules for reading consonant letters in English: ,
| Table of pronunciation of English consonants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Phonetic transcription | Examples | |
| [b] | b ad b ox | voiced sound corresponding to Russian [b] in the word b rat |
| [p] | o p en, p et | a dull sound corresponding to the Russian [p] in the word P ero, but pronounced aspirated |
| [d] | d i d, d ay | a voiced sound similar to Russian [d] in the word d ohm, but more energetic, “sharper”; when pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue rests on the alveoli |
| [t] | t ea, t ake | unvoiced sound corresponding to Russian [t] in the word T hermos, but is pronounced aspirated, with the tip of the tongue resting on the alveoli |
| [v] | v oice, v isit | voiced sound corresponding to Russian [v] in the word V osc, but more energetic |
| [f] | f ind, f ine | a dull sound corresponding to the Russian [f] in the word f inik, but more energetic |
| [z] | z oo, ha s | voiced sound corresponding to Russian [z] in the word h ima |
| [s] | s un, s ee | a dull sound corresponding to the Russian [s] in the word With silt, but more energetic; when pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised towards the alveoli |
| [g] | g ive, g o | voiced sound corresponding to Russian [g] in the word G Irya, but pronounced softer |
| [k] | c at, c an | a dull sound corresponding to the Russian [k] in the word To mouth, but pronounced more energetically and aspiratedly |
| [ʒ] | vi si on, plea sur e | voiced sound corresponding to Russian [zh] in the word and macaw, but pronounced more tense and softer |
| [ʃ] | sh e, Ru ss ia | a dull sound corresponding to the Russian [ш] in the word w ina, but pronounced softer, for which you need to raise the middle part of the back of the tongue to the hard palate |
| [j] | y ellow, y ou | a sound similar to the Russian sound [th] in a word th od, but pronounced more energetically and intensely |
| [l] | l itt l e, l ike | sound similar to Russian [l] in the word l Isa, but you need the tip of the tongue to touch the alveoli |
| [m] | m an m erry | sound similar to Russian [m] in the word m ir, but more energetic; when pronouncing it, you need to close your lips more tightly |
| [n] | n o, n ame | sound similar to Russian [n] in the word n OS, but when pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue touches the alveoli, and the soft palate is lowered, and air passes through the nose |
| [ŋ] | si ng,fi ng er | a sound in which the soft palate is lowered and touches the back of the tongue, and air passes through the nose. Pronounced like Russian [ng] is incorrect; there must be a nasal sound |
| [r] | r ed, r abbit | a sound, when pronounced with the raised tip of the tongue, you need to touch the middle part of the palate, above the alveoli; tongue doesn't vibrate |
| [h] | h elp, h ow | sound reminiscent of Russian [х] as in the word X aos, but almost silent (barely audible exhalation), for which it is important not to press the tongue to the palate |
| [w] | w et, w inter | a sound similar to a very quickly pronounced Russian [ue] in a word Ue ls; in this case, the lips need to be rounded and pushed forward, and then vigorously moved apart |
| j ust, j ump | sound similar to [j] in a Russian loanword j inces, but more energetic and softer. You cannot pronounce [d] and [ʒ] separately | |
| ch eck, mu ch | sound similar to Russian [ch] in a word h ac, but harder and more intense. You cannot pronounce [t] and [ʃ] separately | |
| [ð] | th is, th ey | a ringing sound, when pronounced, the tip of the tongue must be placed between the upper and lower teeth and then quickly removed. Do not clamp the flat tongue between your teeth, but slightly push it into the gap between them. This sound (since it is voiced) is pronounced with the participation of the vocal cords. Similar to Russian [z] interdental |
| [θ] | th ink, seven th | a dull sound that is pronounced in the same way as [ð], but without a voice. Similar to Russian [s] interdental |
English vowel sounds
- The reading of each vowel depends on:
- from other letters standing next to it, in front of it or behind it;
- from being in a shock or non-stress position.
Rules for reading vowels in English: ,
| Pronunciation table for simple English vowel sounds | ||
|---|---|---|
| Phonetic transcription | Examples | Approximate matches in Russian |
| [æ] | c a t,bl a ck | a short sound, intermediate between the Russian sounds [a] and [e]. To make this sound, when pronouncing Russian [a], you need to open your mouth wide and place your tongue low. Simply pronouncing Russian [e] is wrong |
| [ɑ:] | ar m, f a ther | a long sound, similar to Russian [a], but it is much longer and deeper. When pronouncing it, you need to yawn, but do not open your mouth wide, while pulling your tongue back |
| [ʌ] | c u p, r u n | a short sound similar to the Russian unstressed [a] in the word With A yes. To make this sound, when pronouncing Russian [a], you need to almost not open your mouth, while slightly stretching your lips and moving your tongue back a little. Simply pronouncing Russian [a] is wrong |
| [ɒ] | n o t, h o t | short sound similar to Russian [o] in the word d O m, but when pronouncing it you need to completely relax your lips; for Russian [o] they are slightly tense |
| [ɔ:] | sp o rt, f ou r | a long sound, similar to Russian [o], but it is much longer and deeper. When pronouncing it, you need to yawn, as if with your mouth half-open, and your lips tense and rounded |
| [ə] | a bout, a lias | a sound that is often found in the Russian language is always in an unstressed position. In English, this sound is also always unstressed. It does not have a clear sound and is referred to as an unclear sound (it cannot be replaced by any clear sound) |
| [e] | m e t, b e d | a short sound similar to Russian [e] under stress in words such as uh you, pl e d etc. English consonants before this sound cannot be softened |
| [ɜː] | w or k, l ear n | this sound does not exist in the Russian language, and it is very difficult to pronounce. Reminds me of Russian sound in words m e d, St. e cla, but you need to pull it out much longer and at the same time stretch your lips strongly without opening your mouth (you get a skeptical smile) |
| [ɪ] | i t, p i t | a short sound similar to the Russian vowel in a word w And t. You need to pronounce it abruptly |
| h e, s ee | a long sound, similar to Russian [i] under stress, but longer, and they pronounce it as if with a smile, stretching their lips. There is a Russian sound close to it in the word poem II | |
| [ʊ] | l oo k, p u t | a short sound that can be compared with the Russian unstressed [u], but it is pronounced energetically and with completely relaxed lips (lips cannot be pulled forward) |
| bl u e, f oo d | a long sound, quite similar to the Russian percussion [u], but still not the same. To make it work, when pronouncing Russian [u], you need not to stretch your lips into a tube, not to push them forward, but to round them and smile slightly. Like other long English vowels, it needs to be drawn out much longer than Russian [u] | |
| Diphthong pronunciation table | ||
|---|---|---|
| Phonetic transcription | Examples | Approximate matches in Russian |
| f i ve, ey e | diphthong, similar to the combination of sounds in Russian words ah And h ah | |
| [ɔɪ] | n oi se, v oi ce | somehow. The second element, the sound [ɪ], is very short |
| br a ve, afr ai d | a diphthong similar to a combination of sounds in a Russian word w to her ka. The second element, the sound [ɪ], is very short | |
| t ow n, n ow | a diphthong similar to a combination of sounds in a Russian word With aw on. The first element is the same as in ; the second element, the sound [ʊ], is very short | |
| [əʊ] | h o me, kn ow | a diphthong similar to a combination of sounds in a Russian word cl OU n, if you do not pronounce it deliberately syllable by syllable (in this case, the consonance resembles ew ). Pronouncing this diphthong as a pure Russian consonance [ou] is wrong |
| [ɪə] | d ea r, h e re | a diphthong, similar to the combination of sounds in the Russian word such; consists of short sounds [ɪ] and [ə] |
| wh e re, th e re | a diphthong, similar to the combination of sounds in the Russian word dlinnosheye, if you do not pronounce it syllable by syllable. Behind the sound resembling Russian [e] in the word uh That, followed by the second element, an unclear short sound [ə] | |
| [ʊə] | t ou r, p oo r | a diphthong in which [ʊ] is followed by a second element, an unclear short sound [ə]. When pronouncing [ʊ], lips should not be pulled forward |
Good, good, good morning, planet!
I don’t know about you, of course, but on my English planet (called ) it’s morning right now. And I decided to write an important informational and practical article about English transcription on a cheerful morning head. I think you don't mind). Then let's start analyzing this simple, but often raising many questions topic.
Is English transcription necessary at all?
What can I say to this?.. If they teach it in the English language school curriculum and force you to teach it, then of course you can’t get away with it! Speaking globally, its absence when learning English will not affect the results and knowledge in any way.
BUT! Since our children are still learning English, it is a matter of honor to know what transcription is in it. This is about the same as it is important to know that the Russian language has 6 cases (and this, by the way, is what makes it different from English and many others). But we can learn to speak and write words without thinking about which case should be used in them... "AND van R odil D little girl... Well, you understand me, I think.
Therefore, my verdict is that we will study it! But quickly and without any stretching for a year! A lesson or two - and "English transcription" will become the most pleasant phrase in the world...
In addition, having the ability to decipher English transcription, any schoolchild and adult will be able to read and pronounce any, even the most “terribly incomprehensible” word in the English dictionary!!!
Why was it invented?
It was invented a very, very long time ago, by the British themselves, for themselves - when they realized that they themselves could not always understand how to read this or that word.
The fact is that in the English language there are rules according to which you can read words correctly. For example, this rule: “In a closed syllable, the English letter “a” will be read like this (words ba g, la ptop)» . But at the same time, there are so many exceptions to these rules that sometimes it is impossible to remember them (for example, let’s take an exception to this rule with a word with a closed syllable t ask , in which the letter “a” is already read differently).
Well, they came up with such a concept as transcription, so that every English word could be read correctly, even without knowing the rules, but simply owning a set of transcription icons.
Sometimes you may see two variations of the same icon, this is normal. Both of them have their place. My analogies with Russian letters are very conditional. The main thing here is to hear the sound and imitate it as accurately as possible.
Transcription icons for vowel sounds
[i] or [ ı ] a sound similar to “i”, but more abrupt and firm.
[e] a sound similar to “e”, but more abrupt and firm.
[ ӕ ] a sound similar to "e", but wider.
[ ɔ ] or [ ɒ ] a sound similar to “o”, but more abrupt and open.
[ ∧ ] a sound similar to “a”, but more abrupt.
[u] or [ ʋ ] a sound similar to “u”, but more abrupt.
[i:] a sound similar to a long “i”.
[ ɔ: ] a sound similar to a long "o".
[ ɑ: ] a sound similar to a long and deep “a”.
[u:] a sound similar to a long “u”.
[ ə: ] or [ɜ:] a sound reminiscent of something between “o” and “e”.
In English there is one single transcription symbol that denotes an unstressed vowel - [ə] . It is pronounced very briefly and indistinctly. We often hear it at the end of words ending with unstressed vowels. Teacher, computer...
Transcription icons for consonant sounds
[p] sound similar to "p".
[b] sound similar to "b".
[t] sound similar to "t".
[d] sound similar to "d".
[k] sound similar to "k".
[g] sound similar to "g".
[f] sound similar to "f".
[v] sound similar to "v".
[s] sound similar to "s".
[z] sound similar to "z".
[m] sound similar to "m".
[n] sound similar to "n".
[l] sound similar to "l".
[h] a sound similar to an air "x".
[ ʃ ] a sound similar to "sh".
[tʃ] a sound similar to "ch".
[ ʒ ] sound similar to "zh".
[dʒ] sound similar to "j".
[r] sound similar to "r".
[j] a sound similar to "th". Softens vowels, e.g. [jɒ] [je] [ju:]
[w] sound made by lips.
[ ŋ ] a sound similar to “n” pronounced through the nose.
[ θ ] dull interdental sound.
[ ð ] sonorous interdental sound.
Transcription icons for diphthongs (double sounds)
[aı] or [ai] a sound similar to "ouch".
[eı] or [ei] a sound similar to "hey".
[ ɔı ] or [ɔi] a sound similar to "oh".
[aʋ] or [au] a sound similar to "ay".
[ əʋ ] or [ou] a sound similar to "oh".
[ ıə ] or [iə] a sound similar to "ee".
[ ʋə ] or [uə] sound similar to "ue".
[eə] or [ εə ] a sound similar to "ea".
Practice time
Well, we have looked at all the signs of English transcription. Children and adults remember most of them quite easily. Difficulties sometimes arise with icons indicating diphthongs or some sounds that are not at all similar to Russian ones. But this can be quickly corrected if you immediately consolidate everything with good practice and exercises, which is what we will do now.
I recommend purchasing and taking the online course English from scratch (from a well-known service LinguaLeo). There, the letters and sounds of the English language are discussed in detail. Transcription can also be well worked out. Register and try the course for free. If you like it, go ahead!..
Exercise 1
The first thing to do is to repeat several times the sound corresponding to a certain sign of English transcription. Go in order (according to the list I gave). Repeat one sound 3-5 times, while trying to associate the complex icon with the image. For example, repeating the sound [ ӕ ]
, imagine a cat, a hat, or any other image, but just let this image correspond to a word that is pronounced in English with exactly this sound. For example, I had an image in my head of a bag with such a branded badge.))
So how? Difficult? If yes, then I will share with you my ideas regarding the most “intractable” transcription signs. Please do not judge my clumsy pictures harshly. I swear, in my imagination they look much cuter)).
Icon [ ʋ ] — foot-heel image.
The word foot [fʋt].
Icon [ ɜ: ] - image of a bird.
The word bird [ b ɜ: d] .
Icon [ ʃ ] - image of a shoe.
The word shoe [ʃu:].
Icon [tʃ]- image of a chicken.
The word chick [tʃık].
Icon [dʒ]- image of a page in a textbook.
The word page.
Icon [j]- the image of a tick, the correct answer.
The word yes.
Icon [ ŋ ] - an image of a long and uneven road.
The word long.
Icon [ θ ] - image of the number three.
The word three [θri:].
Icon [ ð ] - image of a mother and baby.
The word mother.
Exercise 2
- Now we will read with you simple words with different sounds. Your task is to look at the word, listen to its pronunciation, repeat, and then guess which transcription icon from those presented below corresponds to the sound in the word (the required vowel letters or combinations will be underlined).
[ ı ] [e] [ ӕ ] [ ɒ ] [ ∧ ] [ ʋ ] [i:][ ɔ: ] [ ɑ: ] [u:] [ɜ:]
| b ir d | f a mile | c oo l |
| p i g | b utter | f ir st |
| d oll | ea t | s i t |
| l a st | b e d | c ar |
| a pple | cl ock | m e n |
| d augh ter | p u t | cl ea n |
| d octor | fr ui t | k i tchen |
| d ar k | g ir l | d i nner |
| d oor | trolley-b u s | c a p |
| f oo t | b oo k | b a ll |
- Now you will see other words, which you will also need to listen to and repeat, and then select the required transcription sign from those presented below, which corresponds to a particular sound (the necessary consonant letters or combinations will be underlined in the words).
[p] [b][t] [d][k] [g][f] [v][s] [z][m] [n]
[l][h] [ ʃ ] [tʃ] [ ʒ ] [dʒ] [r][j] [w][ ŋ ] [ θ ] [ ð ]
| bet w een | v ery | w indow |
| v illage | s treet | z oo |
| th in | th en | tea ch er |
| sgar | tele pH one | fiv e |
| hundre d | mus t | nigh t |
| midd le | nu m ber | p resent |
| b lack | k itten | g ive |
| kn ife | h orse | r oom |
| pi n k | spon ge | ki ng |
| pa ge | facto r y | y ou |
- The following words contain diphthongs. We listen, repeat and select the desired transcription sign for the underlined letters and letter combinations.
[aı] [eı] [ ɔı ] [aʋ] [ əʋ ] [ ıə ] [ ʋə ] [eə]
| f ear | n a me | beh i nd |
| wardr o be | ch air | t o ne |
| p oor | c a ke | t ow n |
| h here | t our | c oi n |
| br ow n | th o se | h are |
| July y | b oh | t a ble |
| tr ou sers | yell ow | b i ke |
| c are | n ear | s o |
- The final exercise in this section is to choose the correct transcription option for a word from the two proposed ones. The scheme of work is the same: we listen, repeat, and then choose.
cup[kʌp] or [kӕp]
twelve[tvelv] or [twelv]
month[mɑ:nθ] or [mʌnθ]
rain[raın] or [reın]
farm[fɜ:m] or [fɑːm]
large[lɑːʒ] or [lɑːdʒ]
spoon[spuːn] or [spɔ:n]
fair[feə] or [fıə]
say[seɪ] or [seə]
now[nəʋ] or [naʊ]
June[tʃ uːn] or [dʒuːn]
Exercise 3
Well, it’s time to write a transcription of the words yourself. I think you will succeed! A day or two - and the topic of English transcription will become so easy for you that you have never even dreamed of it)). Let me remind you once again that unstressed syllables are often designated like this [ ə ] .
after, box, write, with, open,
season, shut, round, tall, number,
shirt, plus, jam, song, yogurt, hate
Exercise 4
This exercise is to practice reading a lot of English words by transcription. For children, the best option here would be cards with English words and transcriptions for them. Some authors (for example, Nosova, Epanova) specially develop such cards - after all, they help not only to consolidate the learned transcription signs, but also to easily replenish your vocabulary. These are the interesting cards I found in the store Labyrinth. Here are the most basic topics and words:
Set “Wild Animals”
Set "Fruits"
Set "Man"
Set "Professions"
Set "School"
Set "Home"
Well, I did it, friends!
And you? Did you manage? If you have any questions, be sure to ask me. I will try to answer them.
And one more thing - on the right sidebar of my site you can find a convenient service "Transcription online"— enter any English word into the field and get its transcription. Use it!
In addition, I invite you to my delicious newsletter (you can subscribe to it at the end of this article - after the tutor selection form)! The most useful and interesting things about English and more...
Answers to the exercises:
| b ir d [ɜ:] | f a mily [ӕ] | c oo l[u:] |
| p i g[ı] | b u tter[∧] | f ir st [ɜ:] |
| d o ll [ɔ:] | ea t[i:] | s i t[ı] |
| l a st [ɑ:] | b e d[e] | c ar [ ɑ: ] |
| a pple [ӕ] | cl o ck [ɒ] | m e n[e] |
| d augh ter [ɔ:] | p u t[ʋ] | cl ea n[i:] |
| d o ctor [ɒ] | fr ui t[u:] | k i tchen [ı] |
| d ar k[ɑ:] | g ir l[ɜ:] | d i nner [ı] |
| d oor [ ɔ: ] | trolley-b u s[∧] | c a p[ӕ] |
| f oo t[ʋ] | b oo k[ʋ] | b a ll [ɔ:] |
| bet w een [w] | v ery[v] | w indow [w] |
| v illa ge[v] [dʒ] | s treet [s] | z oo[z] |
| th in[θ] | th en [ð] | tea ch er [tʃ] |
| s ugar [ʃ] | tele ph one [f] | f i v e[f][v] |
| hundre d[d] | mus t[t] | nigh t[t] |
| midd le[l] | nu m ber[m] | p resent [p] |
| b lack [b] | k itten [k] | g ive [g] |
| kn ife[n] | h orse [h] | r oom [r] |
| pi n k[ŋ] | spon ge[dʒ] | ki ng [ ŋ ] |
| pa ge[dʒ] | facto r y[r] | y ou[j] |
| f ear [ ıə ] | n a me [eı] | beh i nd [aı] |
| wardr o be [əʋ] | ch air[eə] | t o ne [əʋ] |
| p oor [ ʋə ] | c a ke[eı] | t ow n[aʋ] |
| h here [ ıə ] | t our [ ʋə ] | c oi n[ɔı] |
| br ow n[aʋ] | th o se [əʋ] | h are[eə] |
| July y[aı] | b oh [ ɔı ] | t a ble [eı] |
| tr ou sers [aʋ] | yell ow [ əʋ ] | b i ke [aı] |
| c are[eə] | n ear [ ıə ] | s o [ əʋ ] |
[ˈɑːftə], [bɒks], [raɪt], [wɪð], [ˈəʊpən],
[ˈsiːzn], [ʃʌt], [raʊnd],[tɔːl], [ˈnʌmbə],
[ʃɜːt], [plʌs], [dʒæm],[sɒŋ], [ˈjɒɡət], [heɪt]
Transcription is a recording of the sound of a letter or word in the form of a sequence of special phonetic symbols.
Why is transcription of English words needed?
Knowing English transcription is useful. This makes it possible to easily read and correctly pronounce an unfamiliar English word on your own, without outside help. Just look in the dictionary or use online services.
Review of Internet resources
The Lingorado transcriptor has the following features and functions:
- British or American pronunciation of words. When choosing a British dialect, in accordance with British phonetics, the [r] at the end of a word is voiced only if the next word in the phrase begins with a vowel sound.
- Familiar symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
- Transcription of the text preserves the original sentence format, including punctuation marks, etc.
- The ability to display transcriptions taking into account the weak position of words in a sentence, as happens in live, connected speech (the “Take into account weak position” checkbox).
- Unfound words typed in uppercase are interpreted as abbreviations (the transcription of abbreviations is displayed letter by letter, separated by a hyphen).
- To make it more convenient to check the original, parallel output of the transcription in two columns with the original English text or interlinear translation is possible. Simply indicate the desired option under the input field.
- Needed English lyrics in Russian letters? Please! There is a corresponding checkbox next to the input field for those who have never learned English (however, phonetic transcription is easy to learn and is always preferable).
- In cases where a word may be pronounced differently, you can choose from several transcription options. Such words are displayed as links (in blue). If you hover your mouse over them, a list of pronunciation options will appear. To sort through the options in the text (in order to then print or copy the text to the clipboard with the correct pronunciation), you need to click on the word with the mouse.
Keep in mind that multiple transcriptions may reflect variations in pronunciation within the same meaning, as well as pronunciation of different meanings of a word. If you are not sure which option is needed in your case, check the dictionary. - In addition to commonly used words, the dictionary base includes transcriptions of a huge number of geographical names (including the names of countries, their capitals, US states, counties of England), as well as nationalities and the most popular names.
- Unfound words (shown in red) are registered, and if repeated in queries, they are regularly added to the dictionary database.
- If your browser supports speech synthesis (Safari - recommended, Chrome), you can listen to the transcribed text. Details at the link.
- Instead of the “Show transcription” button, you can use the Ctrl+Enter key combination from the input field.
- Also available
Researchers at Oxford University analyzed all types of text, from literary works to tabloid press, including Internet chats, email messages and blogs.
The study found that just 500 English words, which are given below, cover about 75% of any English text.
500 most common English words with translation and transcription
1. hi [hi] - hello
2. hello [helOu] - hello, hello
3. sorry [sori] - sorry (those)
4. please [pl:z] - please (please); please
5. thank you [senk yu] - thank you
6. you are welcome [yu: and elkem] - please, you’re welcome
7. what a pity [wat e piti] - what a pity
8. (good)bye [(good)bye] - goodbye
9. people [pi:pl] - people
10. man [men] - man (plural men [men])
11. woman [uUmen] - woman (plural women [uImin])
12. child [child] - child (plural children [children])
13. boy [fight] - boy
14. girl [gyo:rl] - girl
15. guy [guy] - guy
16. friend [friend] - friend
17. acquaintance [ekuEintens] - familiar; acquaintance
18. neighbor [newer] - neighbor
19. guest [gest] - guest
20. chief [chi:f] - chief; chief; main; leader
21. boss [boss] - boss
22. competitor [campEtiter] - competitor, rival
23. client [clAient] - client
24. colleague [koli:g] - colleague
25. family [family] - family
26. parents [pEerants] - parents
27. father [fA:zer] - father
28. dad (dy) [dd (and)] - dad
29. mother [mAZer] - mother
30. mum (my) [mom (and)] - mother
31. husband [xAzband] - husband
32. wife [uAif] - wife
33. son [san] - son
34. daughter [dO:ter] - daughter
35. brother [brAzer] - brother
36. sister [sister] - sister
37. grandfather [grEnfa:zer] - grandfather ...
38. father-in-law [fa:zer in lo:] - father-in-law, father-in-law ...
39. uncle [uncle] - uncle
40. aunt [a:nt] - aunt
41. cousin [treasury] - cousin, cousin
42. nephew [nefyu:] - nephew
43. niece [ni:s] - niece
44. job [job] - work
45. businessman [bBusinessman] - businessman (plural businessmen [bBusinessman])
46. teacher [tI:cher] - teacher
47. driver [driver] - driver
48. worker [uO:rker] - worker
49. engineer [enginI:er] - engineer
50. doctor [dOkter] - doctor
51. lawyer [lO:er] - lawyer, lawyer
52. journalist [jYo:rnalist] - journalist
53. nurse [non:rs] - nurse
54. shop assistant [shop esistant] - seller
55. waiter [uEiter] - waiter
56. accountant [ekAuntent] - accountant
57. artist [A:rtist] - artist
58. musician [mu:zIshn] - musician
59. actor [Ekter] - actor
60. student [student] - student
61. pupil [puple] - schoolboy, student
62. animal [Animal] - animal
63. cat [cat] - cat
64. dog [dog] - dog
65. bird [byo:rd] - bird
66. squirrel [skuIrel] - squirrel
67. wolf [uulf] - wolf
68. goose [gu:s] - goose (plural geese [gi:s])
69. giraffe [jirA:f] - giraffe
70. rabbit [rEbit] - rabbit; hare
71. cow [kАу] - cow
72. rat [рЭт] - rat
73. fox [fox] - fox
74. horse [ho:rs] - horse
75. frog [frog] - frog
76. bear [beer] - bear
77. mouse [mAus] - mouse (plural mice [mays])
78. monkey [manki] - monkey
79. pig [pig] - pig
80. elephant [Elephant] - elephant
81. duck [duck] - duck
82. country [country] - country; countryside
83. Russia [rАshe] - Russia
84. Great Britain [great Britain] - Great Britain
85. England [England] - England
86. city [city] - city
87. house [хАус] - house (building)
88. home [хОум] - house (place of residence)
89. building [building] - building; construction
90. place [place] - place; put
91. entrance [Entrance] - entrance
92. exit [Egzit] - exit
93. center [sEnter] - center
94. yard [i:rd] - yard
95. roof [ru:f] - roof
96. fence [fence] - fence
97. land [land] - land, area
98. village [vIlidzh] - village, settlement
99. school [sk:l] - school
100. university [univo:rsity] - university
101. theater [SI: eter] - theater
102. church [che:rch] - church
103. restaurant [rEstront] - restaurant
104. cafe [kEfey] - cafe
105. hotel [hotEl] - hotel
106. bank [bank] - bank
107. cinema [sIneme] - cinema
108. hospital [hospital] - hospital
109. police [polis] - police
110. post office [pOust Office] - mail
111. station [station] - station, train station
112. airport [Eepo:rt] - airport
113. shop [shop] - store
114. pharmacy [fA:rmasi] - pharmacy
115. market [mA:rkit] - market
116. office [Office] - office
117. company [company] - company, firm
118. factory [fEkteri] - enterprise, plant, factory
119. square [skuEer] - area
120. street [stri:t] - street
121. road [road] - road
122. crossroads [krOsroudz] - crossroads
123. stop [stop] - stop; stop
124. sidewalk [sAiduo:k] - sidewalk
125. path [pa:s] - path, path
126. garden [ga:rdn] - garden
127. park [pa:rk] - park
128. bridge [bridge] - bridge
129. river [rIver] - river
130. forest [forist] - forest
131. field [fi:ld] - field
132. mountain [mountain] - mountain
133. lake [lake] - lake
134. sea [si:] - sea
135. ocean [Ocean] - ocean
136. coast [kОust] - seashore, coast
137. beach [bi:h] - beach
138. sand [sand] - sand
139. island [Island] - island
140. border [bO:rder] - border
141. customs [kAstamz] - customs
142. garbage [ga:rbidzh] - garbage
143. waste [waste] - waste; waste
144. stone [stone] - stone
145. plant [plA:nt] - plant; factory; plant
146. tree [three:] - tree
147. grass [gra:s] - grass
148. flower [flAuer] - flower
149. leaf [li:f] - leaf (of a tree)
150. flat [flat] - apartment
151. room [room] - room
152. living room [living room] - hall
153. bedroom [bEdroom] - bedroom
154. bathroom [ba:sroom] - bathroom
155. shower [shAuer] - shower
156. toilet [toilit] - toilet
157. kitchen [kitchin] - kitchen
158. hall [ho:l] - corridor
159. balcony [belkoni] - balcony
160. floor [flo:r] - floor; floor
161. ceiling [sI:ling] - ceiling
162. wall [уО:л] - wall
163. stairs [stEerz] - steps; ladder
164. door [to:r] - door
165. window [uIndou] - window
166. windowsill [uIndousil] - window sill
167. curtain [körten] - curtain (ka), curtain
168. switch - switch; switch
169. socket [sokit] - socket
170. faucet [fO:sit] - (water) tap
171. pipe [pipe] - pipe; a tube
172. chimney [chimni] - chimney
173. furniture [fЁ:NICHE] - furniture
174. table [table] - table
175. chair [chEer] - chair
176. armchair [A:rmcheer] - chair
177. sofa [souf] - sofa
178. bed [bed] - bed
179. wardrobe [уО:droub] - (wardrobe)
180. cabinet [kEbinet] - cabinet (chik)
181. shelf [shelf] - shelf
182. mirror [miror] - mirror
183. carpet [kA:rpit] - carpet
184. fridge [fridge] - refrigerator
185. microwave [microwave] - microwave
186. oven [Aven] - stove, oven
187. stove [stOuv] - kitchen stove
188. food [fu:d] - food
189. bread [brad] - bread
190. butter [bАter] - butter
191. oil [oil] - vegetable oil; oil
192. cheese [chi:z] - cheese
193. sausage [sOsidzh] - sausage, sausage
194. ham [ham] - ham
195. meat [mi:t] - meat
196. beef [bi:f] - beef
197. pork [po:rk] - pork
198. lamb [lam] - lamb; lamb
199. chicken [chikin] - chicken; chicken
200. cutlet [katlit] - cutlet
201. fish [fish] - fish; to fish
202. egg [eg] - egg
203. salad [sElad] - salad
204. mushroom [mashroom] - mushroom
205. corn [ko:rn] - corn; corn
206. porridge [porridge] - porridge
207. oatmeal [Outmi:l] - oatmeal
208. soup [su:p] - soup
209. sandwich [sandwich] - sandwich
210. rice [rice] - rice
211. noodles [well:dls] - noodles
212. flour [flAuer] - flour
213. spice [spice] - spice, spice
214. pepper [peper] - pepper; Spice up
215. salt [so:lt] - salt; salt
216. onion [Anien] - onion (onion)
217. garlic [ga:rlik] - garlic
218. sauce [сО:с] - sauce
219. vegetables [vEdgetables] - vegetables
220. potatoes [potEytouz] - potatoes
221. carrot [kEret] - carrot
222. beet [bi:t] - beets
223. tomato [tomA:tou] - tomato
224. cucumber [къУкампер] - cucumber
225. cabbage [kEbidzh] - cabbage
226. squash [skuOsh] - zucchini
227. eggplant [Egpla:nt] - eggplant
228. beans [bi:nz] - beans
229. pea [pi:] - peas
230. nut [nut] - nut
231. fruit [fru:t] - fruit(s); fetus
232. apple [apple] - apple
233. pear [peer] - pear
234. banana [benEne] - banana
235. berry [beri] - berry
236. strawberry [strО:beri] - strawberry, wild strawberry
237. raspberry [rА:zberi] - raspberry
238. cherry [chEri] - cherry
239. plum [flame] - plum
240. grape [grape] - grapes
241. apricot [Eyprikot] - apricot
242. peach [pi:h] - peach
243. melon [melon] - melon
244. watermelon [uOtermelen] - watermelon
245. pumpkin [pAmpkin] - pumpkin
246. orange - orange; orange
247. mandarin [menderin] - mandarin
248. lemon [lemon] - lemon
249. pineapple [pIneple] - pineapple
250. sugar [shUge] - sugar
251. honey [khani] - honey
252. jam [jam] - jam
253. cake [cake] - cake
254. bun [ban] - bun
255. cookie [cookies] - cookies
256. pie [pie] - pie, pie
257. sweet [sui:t] - candy; sweet
258. ice-cream - ice cream
259. chocolate [chOklit] - chocolate
260. water [water] - water; water
261. soda [souda] - carbonated water
262. juice [ju:s] - juice
263. wine [wine] - wine
264. tea [ti:] - tea
265. coffee [kofi] - coffee
266. milk [milk] - milk
267. cream [kri:m] - cream; cream
268. yogurt [yoget] - yogurt
269. curd [кЁ:рд] - cottage cheese
270. dish [dish] - dish (dishes [dIshiz] - dishes)
271. cup [cap] - cup
272. glass [gla:s] - glass; glass
273. mug [magician] - mug
274. plate [plate] - plate
275. spoon [sp:n] - spoon
276. fork [fo:rk] - fork
277. knife [knife] - knife
278. saucer [сO: sir] - saucer
279. bottle [bottle] - bottle
280. napkin [nEpkin] - napkin
281. pan [pen] - pan
282. frying pan [frying pan] - frying pan
283. kettle [kettle] - teapot; boiler
284. meal [mi:l] - eating, food
285. breakfast [brEkfest] - breakfast
286. lunch [lunch] - lunch
287. dinner [diner] - dinner
288. transport [trEnspo:rt] - transport; [transpO:rt] - transport, transport
289. plane [plane] - plane
290. car [ka:r] - car
291. tram [tram] - tram
292. bus [bass] - bus
293. train [train] - train
294. ship [spike] - ship
295. bicycle [bicycle] - bicycle
296. time [time] - time; once
297. minute [minit] - minute
298. hour - hour
299. week [ui:k] - week
300. year [iIer] - year
301. century [sEnchari] - century, century
302. the day before yesterday [ze day bifO: r yestedey] - the day before yesterday
303. yesterday [jEstaday] - yesterday
304. today [today] - today (in the afternoon)
305. tonight [tunIt] - tonight (at night)
306. tomorrow [tomOrou] - tomorrow
307. the day after tomorrow [ze day A: fter tomOrou] - the day after tomorrow
308. day [day] - day
309. morning [mo:rning] - morning
310. afternoon [a:fternU:n] - day (afternoon)
311. evening [I:vning] - evening
312. night [night] - night
313. Monday [Monday] - Monday
314. Tuesday [tyu:zday] - Tuesday
315. Wednesday [uWenday] - Wednesday
316. Thursday [syo:rzday] - Thursday
317. Friday [Friday] - Friday
318. Saturday [Saturday] - Saturday
319. Sunday [Sunday] - Sunday
320. month [mans] - month
321. January [jAnyueri] - January
322. February [fEbruery] - February
323. March [ma:rch] - March
324. April [April] - April
325. May [may] - May
326. June [ju:n] - June
327. July [julAy] - July
328. August - August
329. September [september] - September
330. October [oktOuber] - October
331. November [nowEmber] - November
332. December [disEmber] - December
333. season [si:zen] - time of year; season
334. spring [spring] - spring
335. summer [sAmer] - summer
336. autumn - autumn
337. winter [uInter] - winter
338. holiday [holiday] - holiday; vacation; holidays
339. Christmas [krIsmes] - Christmas
340. Easter [I:ster] - Easter
341. birthday [byo:rsday] - birthday
342. form [fo:rm] - questionnaire; form; form; Class; form, form
343. name [name] - first name, surname; Name; call
344. first name [fyo:rst name] - name
345. surname [sЁ:name] - surname
346. maiden name [mayden name] - maiden name
347. birth date [byo:rs dat] - date of birth
348. place of birth [place ov byo: рс] - place of birth
349. address [edrEs] - address
350. marital status [marital status] - marital status
351. single [single] - single, unmarried; lonely); one way (about ticket)
352. married [mErid] - married
353. divorced [divO:rst] - divorced
354. widowed [widoud] - widowed
355. thing [sing] - thing
356. pen [pen] - pen
357. pencil [pencil] - pencil
358. book [beech] - book
359. copybook [kopibook] - notebook
360. notebook [laptop] - notepad
361. note [not] - note, record
362. dictionary [dIksheneri] - dictionary
363. letter [lEter] - letter; letter
364. envelope [Envilope] - envelope
365. paper [paper] - paper
366. newspaper [newspaper] - newspaper
367. magazine [megezI:n] - magazine
368. (tele)phone [(teli)fOun] - telephone; talk on the phone
369. clock [clock] - clock
370. comb [koum] - comb; comb
371. TV (-set) [tivi (set)] - TV
372. iron - iron; iron; iron (iron)
373. soap [soup] - soap; lather
374. radio [radio] - radio
375. bag [bag] - bag
376. backpack [bekpack] - backpack
377. map [map] - map (geographic)
378. card [ka:rd] - postcard; card (playing); card
379. suitcase [sutcase] - suitcase
380. present [present] - gift
381. camera [kEmere] - camera; camcorder
382. vase [va:z] - vase
383. handkerchief [хEnkyochif] - handkerchief
384. ball [bo:l] - ball
385. balloon [belu:n] - balloon (ik)
386. toy [toy] - toy
387. ticket [ticit] - ticket
388. luggage [lAgidzh] - luggage
389. battery [beteri] - battery, accumulator
390. bucket [bakit] - bucket
391. rope [рОп] - rope
392. board [bo:rd] - board; board; council (board)
393. calendar [kElinder] - calendar
394. laptop [laptop] - laptop
395. brush [brush] - brush; brush, brush; brush
396. keyboard [kI:bo:rd] - keyboard
397. key [ki:] - key; key
398. wheel [uI:l] - wheel
399. steering wheel [steering UI: l] - steering wheel
400. trunk [trunk] - trunk; trunk; trunk
401. gas (oline) [hydroelectric power station (oline)] - gasoline
402. purse [пё:рс] - ladies' bag; wallet
403. wallet [uOlit] - wallet
404. lamp [lEmp] - lamp
405. ruler [ru:ler] - ruler; ruler
406. shovel [shavel] - shovel; dig
407. machine [meshI:n] - machine; mechanism; apparatus; machine
408. hammer [khEmer] - hammer; hammer in
409. scissors [sIzers] - scissors
410. glasses [gla:siz] - glasses
411. package [pEkidzh] - parcel; package
412. stick [stick] - stick; stick to; stick
413. glue [glu:] - glue; glue
414. gift [gift] - gift; gift
415. towel [tAuel] - towel
416. mail [mail] - mail (correspondence); send by mail
417. wire [uAyer] - wire; the wire
418. page [page] - page
419. torch [to:rch] - pocket flashlight; burner; torch
420. box [box] - box, box; box
421.blanket [blEnkit] - blanket
422. sheet [shi:t] - sheet; sheet (ok)
423. pillow [pilou] - pillow
424. clothes [clOuz] - clothes
425. body [body] - body; body
426. head [head] - head; head, leader
427. face [face] - face
428. forehead [fO:rhead] - forehead
429. nose [nouz] - nose
430. ear [Ier] - ear; ear; ear
431. mouth [mAus] - mouth
432. throat [srOut] - throat
433. eye [ay] - eye
434. eyebrow - eyebrow
435. lips [lips] - lips
436. tooth [tu:s] - tooth (plural teeth [ti:s])
437. hair [hEer] - hair(s)
438. mustache [mestA:sh] - mustache
439. cheek [chi:k] - cheek; impudence, impudence
440. chin [chin] - chin
441. neck [neck] - neck
442. shoulder [shOulder] - shoulder
443. chest [honor] - chest
444. heart [ha:rt] - heart
445. stomach [stAmek] - stomach; stomach
446. back [bek] - back; back
447. wrist [rist] - wrist
448. hand [hand] - hand, hand (hands)
449. finger [finger] - finger (hand)
450. nail [nail] - nail; nail; nail down
451. elbow [Elbow] - elbow
452. leg [leg] - leg; leg
453. knee [nor:] - knee
454. foot [foot] - leg, foot; foot; foot (plural - feet [fi:t])
455. heel [hi:l] - heel; heel
456. toe [tОу] - finger (foot)
457. beard [bIerd] - beard
458. bone [boun] - bone
459. health [health] - health
460. healthy [xElsie] - healthy
461. sick [sic] - sick
462. sickness [sIknis] - disease
463. fever [fi:ver] - heat, (high) temperature
464. cough [kof] - cough; cough
465. running nose [running nouz] - runny nose
466. sneeze [sni:z] - sneeze
467. pain [payne] - pain
468. headache [hEdeik] - headache
469. flu [flu:] - flu
470. bruise [bru:z] - bruise, contusion; hurt
471. event [ivEnt] - event
472. birth [byo:rs] - birth
473. game [game] - game
474. lesson [lesn] - lesson
475. vacation [wakeEishen] - vacation, vacation
476. party [pA:rti] - party
477. meeting [mI:ting] - meeting; meeting
478. wedding [uEding] - wedding
479. negotiation [nigoushiEishen] - negotiations
480. trip [trip] - trip, journey
481. death [des] - death
482. weather [uEzer] - weather
483. sun [san] - sun
484. moon [mu:n] - moon
485. wind [wind] - wind
486. fog [fog] - fog
487. rain [rain] - rain
488. snow [snow] - snow
489. sky [sky] - sky
490. cloud [cloud] - cloud
491. air [Eer] - air
492. temperature [tEmpreche] - temperature
493. degree [digrI:] - degree; degree
494. distance [distance] - distance; distance
495. length [lengs] - length
496. height [height] - height
497.depth [deps] - depth
498. strength [strangs] - strength; strength
499. important [impO:rtent] - important
500. delicious [dilIshes] - very tasty
In the first field, type the word you want to translate, in the second field, select the direction of translation (the default is English-Russian translation), to translate, press the “enter” key or the magnifying glass icon. The translation with transcription will appear below.
English words with transcription and pronunciation
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This is an electronic version of the Oxford Pocket Dictionary of English-Russian and Russian-English. An authoritative professional dictionary that contains about 210,000 words and phrases.
If you dream of learning English abroad, then this link is for you. Description of schools with photos and videos, duration and intensity of courses, as well as how much it all costs.
Applications to the online dictionary. Brief information on English grammar
1 The article in which is given. Gives an idea of how many letters are in the English alphabet and how it is read.
2 These articles discuss phonetic transcription of English. The first part gives. In the second part - .
3 English verbs: regular and irregular. What is the difference, as well as the three forms of irregular verbs or.
4 In the article you can learn about how to correctly pronounce English numbers, how to translate numbers from Russian into English, how to pronounce dates in English, and also discuss mathematical formulas and expressions.
5 have differences. It is also useful to know about this so as not to be surprised why the same words are spelled differently in different texts.
About this English-Russian and Russian-English online dictionary with transcription
I have long wanted to put a good one on my siteonline translator with transcriptionand different meanings of words, and this one, in my opinion, is one of the most successful. Most sites use a text translation system using translator programs such as Socrates. But for learning English, this is not the most suitable online dictionary, because when we encounter an unfamiliar English word, we need to find out its transcription, stress, and multiple meanings of usage. When translating, it is the explanatory dictionary that is important. With purely machine translation, at best, we will lose the very meaning of the statement and its stylistic component, and at worst, we will receive an unrelated set of words. Computer servicesonline translatorsdo not provide the opportunity to look at different meanings of words or their choice is limited, so machine translation must be corrected using such dictionaries. On the site "site" you are given the opportunity to take advantage of high-qualityonline dictionary completely free, that is, it is an English-Russian dictionary with pronunciation. It doesn’t matter what you wanted to find in a search engine: be itRussian translator online, or English online translator or translator online free– the dictionary presented here is exactly what you need. The dictionary will help you find answers to many questions that arise during translation. If you have the Internet, then you will definitely find the right word. And since you are reading this text, then you definitely have it. By the way, in addition to the English-Russian and Russian-English directions, the database of this dictionary contains many other languages, so thisfree online translator with- one of the best options that can be found on the Internet among English Russian translators with transcription and pronunciation! So if you don't have a paper dictionary at hand, you can always rely on an electronic oneonline English dictionaryon that website. Take advantage and achieve success in learning English.