What are the names of residents of different cities? What are the people of Penza called: for Russian language experts

In linguistics there is a special term “ethnochronim”, which refers to the names of people living in a certain area. The question of what to call residents of certain cities often turns out to be problematic for many Russian speakers. Even in grammar reference books you can find different pronunciations and spellings, which causes some confusion.

Penza confusion

The population of many Russian cities is becoming a victim of this phenomenon. In fact, what are the people of Penza called? A similar problem has been discussed by many linguists, debating which version is considered grammatically correct, regardless of the number of its speakers. It turns out that in order to find out the names of the residents of Penza, you need to turn to special dictionaries that are regularly updated. Academic data, obtained and verified by linguists, formulate the basic objective rules that regulate the peculiarities of the use of “ethnochronimes”.

How is that right?

The Dictionary of Russian Residents also explains two cases of how to correctly call the residents of Penza. The manual allows you to call a resident or resident of the city a Penza citizen or a Penzenka, but also a Penzyak and a Penzyachka, respectively. However, the dictionary does not focus on any particular usage, allowing both to be used in speech. In turn, some experts insist that the “Penza resident” variation is more literary and stylistically more restrained, so those who live in Penza should be called that way.

It should be noted that regardless of what the residents of Penza are called, addressing women raises more problems and doubts than addressing men. Males are called both Penza residents and Penzyaks, while ladies often become “Penzenkas”; they are also usually called residents of Penza.

Voice of the People

In reality, some disagreements and contradictions arise with the concept of what the residents of Penza are called. For example, the name “Penzyak” appeared in the language back in the seventeenth century. Despite the dictionary norms, many Penza residents insist on the “Penzentsi” option, since the second method seems to them somewhat slangy, offensive and colloquial. At the same time, there is another point of view, according to which the word “Penzenets” (came into speech in the last third of the 20th century) seems too official, pretentious and smacks of “Sovietism”. Apparently, native speakers will never be able to reach a consensus, and no adjustments will be made to the dictionary entries.

What will happen to Penza residents/Penzyaks in the future?

The Russian language is a unique and constantly changing system. Often, speech norms are regulated not by the rules and restrictions established by linguists, but by the everyday practice of using certain constructions. That is why it is extremely difficult to influence the situation by legislation, by approving a certain form relating to a resident of Penza.

One way or another, the popularization of competent address to city residents is necessary in order to prevent semantic bifurcations. However, those for whom Penza is a small homeland experience fewer difficulties than, for example, residents of Vladivostok, Torzhok or Krivoy Rog. We can only hope that in the near future, Russian speakers will stop asking questions about what the residents of Penza are called.

In everyday life, difficulties often arise with ethno-horonyms, that is, with the names of residents and residents of a particular area. This article is intended to resolve all such difficulties regarding the largest cities of the Russian Federation and explain how to call residents of Russian cities.

Variants of ethnohoronyms

In general, there are two main variants of ethnohoronyms. That is, you can answer the question in different ways what the residents of Russia from this or that city are called. For example, a woman from Penza can be called a Penzenka, but if you don’t like this word, you can use the expression “resident of Penza.” In general, you can always get out, even if you don’t know how to correctly name a resident of a city.

What are the people of Russia called?

First, we also need to explain something about the inhabitants of Russia as a whole. After all, some of them insist on being called not a Russian, but a Russian, while others, on the contrary, don’t want to know any Russians and order everyone to call him a Russian. In fact, Russians are all residents of Russia without exception: Chechens, Dagestanis, Buryats, Khanty, Germans and, including Russians - everyone who has Russian citizenship. But, in fact, Russians are an ethnic group, and a person will remain Russian always and everywhere, no matter how many citizenships he changes. For example, a Russian can live in Canada and, without Russian citizenship, not be a Russian.

Citizens and townspeople

One more point should be placed on the problem of confusion between citizens and townspeople. Although, at first glance, the meaning of these concepts is obvious, they are nevertheless often confused. Therefore, we explain that to the question “What are the people of Russia called?” the correct answer is “citizens”. Citizens are people who have citizenship in a state. But city dwellers are city residents, unlike, for example, villagers - village residents.

Ethnohoronyms of two capitals

Before we figure out how residents of different cities in Russia are called, let’s decide how to correctly call residents of two capitals - Moscow and St. Petersburg.

So, Muscovites live in Moscow. The man is a Muscovite, and the woman, accordingly, is a Muscovite.

Petersburgers live in St. Petersburg. The man is from St. Petersburg. The woman is from St. Petersburg.

Ethnohoronyms of the main cities of Russia

Now let's move directly to the question of what residents of Russian cities are called. This list will include three forms. The first will indicate the general name of the townspeople, and the second and third will indicate the name of men and women, respectively. This will help you quickly find out what the residents of Russia are called in a particular city.

• Abakan. The common name is Abakan people. The man is an Abakan, the woman is an Abakan.
• Arkhangelsk. The general name is Arkhangelsk residents. Men in this city are called Arkhangelogorodtsy, and women are called Arkhangelogorodtsy.
• Astrakhan. Residents of Astrakhan are called Astrakhan residents. The male population is called Astrakhan, and the female population is Astrakhan.
• Blagoveshchensk The common name is Blagoveshchensk. The man is an Annunciationist, the woman is an Annunciationist.
• Bryansk. In this glorious city, the townspeople are called Bryantsev. An individual representative of the stronger sex will be called a Bryant, and a representative of the fair sex will be called a Bryant.
• Velikiy Novgorod. The inhabitants of the city as a whole are Novgorodians. A man living in Novgorod is a Novgorodian, and a woman is a Novgorodian.
• Vladivostok. As you can easily guess, the residents of this city are called Vladivostok residents. The man is a Vladivostok resident, and the women are differentiated as Vladivostok residents.
• Vladimir. The citizens of Vladimir are correctly called Vladimir residents. The men from this city have the same name. But the lady from him is from Vladimir.
• Volgograd. All citizens of Volgograd as a whole are called Volgograd residents, as well as individual men. Women from Volgograd are called Volgogradkas.
• Voronezh. The common name is Voronezh residents. The man is a Voronezh resident, and the woman can only be called a resident of Voronezh.
• Ekaterinburg. As such, residents of Yekaterinburg are Yekaterinburg residents. A separate man from it is a resident of Yekaterinburg, and a woman is a resident of Yekaterinburg.
• Ivanovo. The population of the city of brides is Ivanovo. Men, as you might guess, are called Ivanovtsy, and women are called Ivanovka.
• Izhevsk Residents of the capital of Udmurtia are called Izhevsk residents. The male population of the republic is also called in the same way. But let me correctly call them Izhevsk residents.
• Irkutsk Everyone is called Irkutsk: both individual men and the residents of Irkutsk as a whole. A woman in this city, accordingly, is called an Irkutsk woman.
• Yoshkar-Ola. Yoshkarolinians - this is the general designation for these people. The man will be called a Yoshkarolinian, and the woman will be called a Yoshkarolinka.
• Kazan. All together the residents of Kazan are Kazan citizens. The stronger sex is from Kazan, but the weaker sex does not have its own designation, alas.
• Kaliningrad. Kaliningraders live in Kaliningrad. One city dweller is a Kaliningrader, one city dweller is a Kaliningrader.
• Kaluga. The population of Kaluga is Kaluga residents. A man will be called similarly. And the lady is differentiated as a Kaluga resident.
• Kemerovo. Residents of Kemerovo - this is the correct designation for the residents of this city. In this case, the man is a Kemerovo resident, and the woman can be called a Kemerovo resident.
• Kostroma. The correct name for the citizens of Kostroma is Kostroma residents. One man is a Kostroma resident, and one lady is a Kostroma resident, and not even a Kostroma resident at all.
• Lipetsk. The common name is Lipchans. The man is from Lipetsk, the woman is from Lipetsk.
• Murmansk. Murmansk is inhabited by Murmansk residents, not Murom residents, as some people think. The man, accordingly, will be a Murmansk resident, and the woman will be a Murmansk resident.
• Nizhny Novgorod. The citizens of Novgorod are called Nizhny Novgorod residents. The representative of the male half of the population is a Nizhny Novgorod resident, and the representative of the female half is a Nizhny Novgorod resident.
• Omsk. In Omsk, residents are usually called Omsk residents. One person is Omsk. And the woman from Omsk is an Omsk resident.
• Pskov. Pskovites live in this city - that’s what all the residents are called together and separately - men. And the women are assigned the name Pskovites.
• Rostov-on-Don. In this city, as in Rostov, the townspeople are called Rostovites. The men of Rostov-on-Don are called similarly. The female part of the population is called Rostovites.
• Suzdal. Suzdal residents live in Suzdal. One man is a Suzdalian, and one lady is a Suzdalian.
• Ulan-Ude. The Ulan-Ude people live in the capital of Buryatia. An individual man from this city will also be called an Ulan-Udean, just as an individual woman is an Ulan-Udenka.
• Khabarovsk. The name of the townspeople in general is Khabarovsk. A Khabarovsk citizen and a Khabarovsk woman are, respectively, a man and a woman from this city.
• Cheboksary. The population of Cheboksary is called Cheboksary. At the same time, a Cheboksary man is a man, and a Cheboksary woman is a woman.
• Engels. Engelsites are the name of the inhabitants of this city. Engelsit and Engelsitka are a city dweller and a city woman, respectively.
• Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Residents of South Sakhalin live in this city. As you can easily guess, the man should be called a South Sakhalin resident, and the woman should be called a South Sakhalin woman.
• Yalta. The population of Yalta is Yalta residents. A Yalta man and a Yalta woman are a man and a woman, respectively.

Education rules

In the Russian language there is no clear rule for forming the names of residents, but there are patterns. For names ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -eno, etc., the suffix -ts- is used (Ivanovo - from Ivanovo; Ilintsy - from Ilyino). For names ending in -tsk, -tsk, -sk, etc., the suffixes -an-, -chan- and -yan- are most often used (Irkutsk - from Irkutsk; Khabarovsk residents - from Khabarovsk). The suffix -ich-, as one of the oldest, is used only from the names of ancient cities (Muscovites - from Moscow; Pskov - from Pskov; Tomsk - from Tomsk).

The exception is katoikonyms formed from names with the element “ust”: they do not obey general rules, and for the most part, regardless of the ending, the suffix -ts- is used for word formation (Ustiabakans - from Ust-Abakan; Ustylimtsy - from Ust-Ilimsk; Ustmais - from Ust-Maya; Usttarks - from Ust-Tarka).

Often, catoikonyms are formed not directly from a toponym, but from a derived adjective (Gryazintsy - Gryazinsky - Gryazi; Krasninsky - Krasninsky - Krasnoe).

At the same time, there is a rule for writing the names of residents seamlessly in all cases, even if in the names from which they are derived, several words are written separately or with a hyphen (Levtolstoyans - from Lev Tolstoy; New Yorkers - from NY; Stary Oskol residents - from Stary Oskol).

For some toponyms in the Russian language there is no corresponding established katoikonym (most often a feminine katoikonym). In this case, the inhabitants of a particular area are called descriptively, for example, resident of Voronezh or resident of the village of Schastlivoe.

Very often the name of the inhabitants is derived from the historical name of the area. For example, in many European languages, along with names derived from modern toponyms, names derived from Latin names are widely used. For example, Mancunians- residents of Manchester (from Latin Mancunium, in Russian used mainly to refer to players of the Manchester United and Manchester City football clubs).

The names of residents are not usually identified with the names of nations inhabiting states and state entities.

Non-standard cases

In a number of specific cases, the names of residents are formed in a special way, based on a pre-existing toponym or established tradition. For example:

• Amchans or Omsk residents- residents of Mtsensk (but Omsk residents- residents of Omsk)
• Arkhangelsk residents- residents of Arkhangelsk (formerly Arkhangelsk city)
• brothers- residents of Bratsk
• Valuysk residents- residents of Valuyki
• Warsawians- residents of Warsaw
• Vologda residents- residents of Vologda
• Haligonians- residents of Halifax (Nova Scotia)
• Gusevites- residents of Gus-Khrustalny (only the first word from the name of the city is used)
• Zvezda City residents- residents of Star City
• Kamchadals- residents of Kamchatka (according to an outdated ethnonym)
• Kostroma residents- residents of Kostroma
• mallets- residents of Kyiv (along with people of Kiev)
• Kursk residents- residents of Kursk
• Luchansk- residents of Lutsk
• Liverpudlians- residents of Liverpool
• mammon- residents of Nyandoma
• Mancunians- residents of Manchester (from Latin Mancunium)
• Monegasques- residents of Monaco
• Nizhny Novgorod residents- residents of Nizhny Novgorod
• Nikolchane- residents of Nikolsk
• innovators- residents of Torzhok (from the previous name New Bargain)
• Odessa- residents of Odessa
• Oslovians- Oslo residents [ ]
• Penzyaks- residents of Penza (along with Penza residents)
• Permyaks- residents of Perm
• pinchuks- residents of Pinsk
• Pskovites- residents of Pskov (along with Pskovites)
• residents of Pokrovsk- residents of Engels (from the previous name Pokrovsk)
• field pikes- residents of Polesie
• Rushani- residents

I was thinking that there is no complete list of ethno-horonyms in Russia anywhere, and I decided to create it. Basically, residents of regional capitals are taken into account + residents of cities, which are often talked about, another hundred cities by population. Residents of Belarus and Ukraine are also registered. Kazakhstan is also not on the sidelines, because Kazakhstan is still a country close to Russia. The most official and frequently used options have been selected.

Sometimes they even have very funny names! :) But if you don’t want to call them that, it is also customary for us to call them something like a resident of such and such a city, for example, a resident of Vladivostok, a resident of Penza, etc. The names of residents for each city were carefully checked with Wikipedia, and there are only official names, so there should be no mistakes.

P.S. Russians or Russians? That's a moot point. Some people don’t like being called “Russian,” while others are not honored to call themselves a Russian. But I will say one thing! Russian is citizenship, that is, anyone living in Russia can be a Russian, whether Russian, German or Ukrainian, it doesn’t matter. And a Russian is a native inhabitant of Russia. He can live in any country, but will always remain Russian.

P.P.S. In connection with frequent requests about what a resident of any country or any city is called, I answer: a resident of a country - citizen, and a city resident – city ​​dweller.

So, let's look:

Russia – Russians (Russian, Russian woman)

Abakan– Abakan people (Abakanets, Abakanka).
Azov - Azov residents (Azov citizen, Azov woman).
Anadyr– Anadyrs (Anadyrets, w – no).
Anapa - Anapchane (Anapchanin, Anapchanka).
Angarsk - Angarsk residents (Angarsk resident, Angarsk woman).
Armavir - Armavir people (Armavirian, Armavirka).
Arkhangelsk– residents of Arkhangelsk (Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk).
Astrakhan– Astrakhanians (Astrakhanets, Astrakhan).
Achinsk - Achintsy (Achinets, Achinka).
Balakovo - Balakovites (Balakovets, Balakovka).
Balashikha - Balashikha people (Balashikhinets, Balashikha).
Barnaul- Barnaul residents (barnaulets, barnaulka).
Belgorod- Belgorodians (Belgorodets, Belgorodka).
Belozersk - Belozersk (Belozerets, w - no).
Biysk - Biychane (Biychanin, Biychanka).
Birobidzhan- Birobidzhanians (Birobidzhanets, Birobidzhanka).
Blagoveshchensk- Blagoveshchentsy (Blagoveshchenets, Blagoveshchenka).
Bratsk - bratchane (bratchanin, bratchanka).
Bryansk- Bryantsy (Bryanets, Bryanka).
Valdai - Valdai people (Valdaiets, Valdaika).
Velikiy Novgorod- Novgorodians (Novgorodets, Novgorodka).
Veliky Ustyug - Ustyuzhane (Ustyuzhanin, Ustyuzhanka).
Vladivostok- Vladivostok residents (Vladivostok resident, Vladivostok resident).
Vladikavkaz– Vladikavkazians (Vladikavkaz, w – no).
Vladimir- Vladimir residents (Vladimirets, Vladimirka).
Volgograd- Volgograd residents (Volgogradets, Volgogradka).
Volgodonsk - Volgodonsk people (Volgodonets, Volgodonsk).
Volzhsk - Volzhans (Volzhanin, Volzhanka).
Vologda- Vologda residents (Vologda resident, Vologda resident).
Vorkuta - Vorkuta residents (Vorkutinets, Vorkuta).
Voronezh– Voronezh residents (Voronezhets, w – no).
Vyborg - Vyborg residents (Vyborzhanin, Vyborzhanka).
Vyazma - vyazmichi (vyazmich, vyazmichka).
Vyatka (Kirov) - Vyatchans (Vyatchanin, Vyatchanka).
Gatchina - Gatchina people (Gatchinets, Gatchina).
Gorno-Altaisk– Gorno-Altaians (Gorno-Altayets, Gorno-Altayka).
Grozny- Grozny residents (Groznyets, Grozny).
Gus-Khrustalny - Gusevchane (Gusevchanin, Gusevchanka).
Derbent - Derbentians (Derbentets, Derbentka).
Dzerzhinsk - Dzerzhintsy (Dzerzhinets, Dzerzhinka).
Dmitrov - Dmitrov residents (Dmitrov resident, Dmitrov resident).
Donetsk – cm. list of cities in Ukraine.
Dudinka - Dudinchane (Dudinchanin, Dudinchanka).
Evpatoria - Evpatorians (Evpatorian, w - no).
Ekaterinburg- Ekaterinburg residents (Ekaterinburg resident, Ekaterinburg woman).
Yelets - Yelets residents (Yelchanin, Elchanka).
Essentuki - Essentuchan (Essentukan, Essentuchanka).
Zlatoust - Zlatoust people (Zlatoust, w - no).
Ivanovo– Ivanovtsy (Ivanovets, Ivanovka).
Izhevsk- Izhevsk residents (Izhevsk resident, Izhevsk resident).
Irkutsk– Irkutsk residents (Irkutsk resident, Irkutsk woman).
Yoshkar-Ola– Yoshkarolinians (Yoshkarolinets, Yoshkarolinka).
Kazan– Kazanians (Kazanets, w – no).
Kaliningrad- Kaliningraders (Kaliningrader, Kaliningradka).
Kaluga- Kaluga residents (Kaluzhanin, Kaluzhanka).
Kemerovo- Kemerovo residents (Kemerovo resident, Kemerovo resident).
Kerch - Kerchan (Kerchanin, Kerchanka).
Kineshma - Kineshemians (Kineshemets, Kineshemka).
Kirov- Kirov residents (Kirov resident, Kirov resident).
Kislovodsk - Kislovodsk residents (Kislovodsk resident, Kislovodsk resident).
Kolomna - Kolomchane (Kolomchanin, Kolomchanka).
Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Komsomol members (Komsomol member, Komsomol member).
Korolev - Korolyovtsy (Korolyovets, w - no).
Kostroma– Kostromichi (Kostromich, Kostromichka).
Krasnodar- Krasnodar residents (Krasnodar, Krasnodarka).
Krasnoyarsk– Krasnoyarsk (Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk).
Kudymkar - Kudymkars (Kudymkars, w - no).
Mound– Kurgan people (Kurganets, Kurganchanka).
Kursk- Kuryans (Kuryanin, Kuryanka).
Kyzyl– Kyzylchane (Kyzylchanin, Kyzylchanka).
Leningrad (St. Petersburg) - Leningraders (Leningrader, Leningrader).
Lipetsk– Lipchans (Lipchanin, Lipchanka).
Lugansk – cm. list of cities in Ukraine.
Lyubertsy - Lyubertsy (Lyuberchanin, Lyubertsy).
Magadan– Magadanians (Magadanets, Magadanka).
Magas– Magasians (Magasets, w – no).
Magnitogorsk - Magnitogorsk (Magnitogorsk, Magnitogorochka).
Maykop– Maikopchane (Maykopchanin, Maikopchanka).
Makhachkala– Makhachkala residents (Makhachkala residents, Makhachkala residents).
Mineralnye Vody – mineral water workers (mineralovodets, w – no).
Moscow- Muscovites (Muscovite, Muscovite).
Murmansk– Murmansk (Murmanchanin, Murmanchanka).
Murom - Muromlyans (Muromlyanin, Muromlyanka).
Naberezhnye Chelny - Chelny residents (Chelnyets, Chelninka).
Nazran - Nazran people (Nazran, Nazran).
Nalchik– nalchane (nalchanin, nalchanka).
Naryan-Mar- Naryanmarians (Naryanmarets, w - no).
Nakhodka - Nakhodka residents (Nakhodkinets, Nakhodchanka).
Nizhnevartovsk – Vartovchane (Vartovchanin, Vartovchanka).
Nizhnekamsk - Nizhnekamsk (Nizhnekamets, Nizhnekamka).
Nizhny Novgorod- Nizhny Novgorod residents (Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod).
Nizhny Tagil - Tagil residents (Tagil resident, Tagil resident).
Novgorod – cm. Velikiy Novgorod.
Novokuznetsk - Novokuznetsk residents (Novokuznechanin, Novokuznetsk).
Novorossiysk - Novorossiytsy (Novorossiysk, Novorossiysk).
Novosibirsk– Novosibirsk residents (Novosibirets, w – no).
Novocherkassk - Novocherkasians (Novocherkasian, Novocherkasinka).
Norilsk - Norilsk residents (Norilsk citizen, Norilsk woman).
Omsk- Omich (Omich, Omichka).
Orenburg- Orenburg residents (Orenburger, Orenburg woman).
Eagle– Orlovchane (Orlovchanin, Orlovchanka).
Orsk - Orchans (Orchanin, Orchanka).
Penza- Penza residents (Penzenets, Penzenka).
Permian– Permyaks (Permyak, Permyachka).
Petersburg – cm. Saint Petersburg.
Petrozavodsk– Petrozavodsk residents (Petrozavodsk resident, Petrozavodsk resident).
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky- Petropavlovtsy (Petropavlovets, Petropavlovsk resident).
Peter - cm. Saint Petersburg.
Podolsk - Podolsk residents (Podolchanin, Podolchanka).
Prokopyevsk - prokopchane (prokopchanin, prokopchanka).
Pskov- Pskovians (Pskovich, Pskovichka).
Pyatigorsk - Pyatigorsk residents (Pyatigorsk resident, Pyatigorsk resident).
Rostov - Rostovites (Rostovets, Rostovite).
Rostov-on-Don- Rostovites (Rostovite, Rostovite).
Rybinsk - Rybinsk (Rybinets, Rybinka).
Ryazan– Ryazanians (Ryazan, Ryazanka).
Salekhard- Salekhardians (Salekhardets, w - no).
Samara– Samarans (Samarets, Samara woman).
Saint Petersburg- St. Petersburgers (Petersburger, St. Petersburg woman).
Saransk- locusts (locust, locust).
Saratov– Saratovites (Saratovets, Saratovite).
Sevastopol - Sevastopol residents (Sevastopolets, w - no).
Severodvinsk - Severodvintsy (Severodvinets, Severodvinka).
Simferopol- Simferopol residents (Simferopol resident, Simferopol resident).
Smolensk– Smolyans (Smolyanin, Smolyanka).
Sochi - Sochi residents (Sochinets, Sochinka).
Stavropol– Stavropol residents (Stavropol resident, Stavropol resident).
Stary Oskol - Stary Oskol residents (Stary Oskolets, Stary Oskolchanka).
Sterlitamak - Sterlitamakovites (Sterlitamakovets, Sterlitamakovka).
Suzdal - Suzdalians (Suzdalets, Suzdalyanka).
Surgut - Surgutians (Surgutian, Surgut woman).
Syktyvkar- Syktyvkarians (syktyvkarets, syktyvkarka).
Taganrog - Taganrozhtsy (Taganrozhets, Taganrozhenka).
Tambov- Tambov residents (Tambov resident, Tambov resident).
Tver- tveryaks (tverak, Tverian).
Tobolsk - tobolyaki (tobolyak, tobolyachka).
Togliatti - Togliatti (Togliatti, Togliatti).
Tommot - Tommots (Tommots, w - no).
Tomsk- Tomichi (Tomish, Tomishka).
Torzhok – novotory (novotor, novotorka).
Tuapse - Tuapse people (Tuapse, Tuapse).
Tula- Tula (Tula, Tula).
Tyumen- Tyumen residents (Tyumenets, Tyumenka).
Uglich - Uglich residents (Uglich citizen, f - Uglich woman).
Ulan-Ude- Ulan-Ude people (Ulan-Udenets, Ulan-Udenka).
Ulyanovsk- Ulyanovsk residents (Ulyanovets, Ulyanovsk).
Ussuriysk - Ussuriytsy (Ussuriyets, w - no).
Ufa- Ufa people (Ufimets, Ufimka).
Ukhta - Ukhta people (Ukhtinets, Ukhtinka).
Feodosia - Feodosians (Feodosian, Feodosian).
Khabarovsk- Khabarovsk residents (Khabarovsk resident, Khabarovsk resident).
Khimki – Khimki residents (Khimki resident, Khimki resident).
Cheboksary- Cheboksary (Cheboksary, Cheboksary).
Chelyabinsk- Chelyabinsk residents (Chelyabinets, Chelyabinsk).
Cherepovets - Cherepovchane (Cherepovchanin, Cherepovchanka).
Cherkessk– Circassians (Circassian, w – no).
Chita- Chitins (Chitinets, Chitinka).
Shakhty - Shakhty residents (Shakhtynets, Shakhtynka).
Elista- Elistinians (Elistinets, Elistinka).
Engels - engelsites (engelsite, w - no).
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk- Yuzhno-Sakhalinets (Yuzhnosakhalinets, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).
Yakutsk- Yakutians (Yakutian, Yakutian).
Yalta - Yalta people (Yalta, Yalta).
Yaroslavl- Yaroslavl residents (Yaroslavets, Yaroslavna).
Yaya – yaychane (yaychanin, yaychanka).

Belarus - Belarusians (Belarusian, Belarusian)

Baranovichi - Baranovichi (Baranovichi, Baranovichi).
Bobruisk - Bobruisk (Bobruisk, Bobruisk).
Borisov - Borisov residents (Borisov resident, Borisov resident).
Brest - Brest residents (Brest resident, Brest resident).
Vitebsk – Viteblyan (Viteblanin, Viteblanka).
Gomel - Gomel residents (Gomel resident, Gomel resident).
Grodno - Grodno residents (Grodno, Grodno).
Zhlobin - Zhlobin residents (Zhlobin resident, Zhlobin resident).
Minsk – Minsk residents (Minsk resident, Minsk resident).
Mogilev - Mogilev residents (Mogilev resident, Mogilev resident).
Pinsk - Pinsk residents (Pinsk resident, Pinsk resident).

Kazakhstan - Kazakhstanis (Kazakhstani, Kazakh woman)

Aktau - Aktau residents (Aktau resident, resident of Aktau).
Aktyubinsk - Aktobe residents (Aktyubinets, Aktobe).
Almaty - Almaty residents (Almaty, Almaty).
Astana - Astana residents (Astana resident, Astana resident).
Atyrau - Atyrau people (Atyrau citizen, resident of Atyrau).
Karaganda - Karaganda people (Karagandinets, Karaganda).
Kokshetau - Kokshetau people (Kokshetau resident, resident of Kokshetau).
Kostanay - Kostanay people (Kostanayets, Kostanayka).
Kyzylorda - Kyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kyzylorda).
Pavlodar - Pavlodar people (Pavlodar, Pavlodar).
Petropavlovsk - Petropavlovtsy (Petropavlovets, Petropavlovsk resident).
Taraz - Tarazians (Tarazian, resident of Taraz).
Uralsk - Uralians (Uralets, Uralka).
Ust-Kamenogorsk - Ust-Kamenogorsk (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Ust-Kamenogorka).
Shymkent - Shymkent people (Shymkent, Shymkent).

Ukraine – Ukrainians (Ukrainian, Ukrainian)

Vinnytsia – Vinnytsia residents (Vinnytsia resident, Vinnytsia resident).
Dnepropetrovsk - Dnepropetrovsk residents (Dnepropetrovsk resident, Dnepropetrovsk resident).
Donetsk - Donetsk residents (Donetsk citizen, Donetsk woman).
Zhytomyr - Zhytomyr residents (Zhytomyryanin, Zhytomyr woman).
Zaporozhye - Cossacks (Zaporozhets, Zaporozhanka).
Ivano-Frankivsk - Ivano-Frankovtsy (Ivano-Frankovets, w - no).
Kyiv - Kyivians (Kievite, Kievite).
Kirovograd - Kirovograd residents (Kirovogradets, w - no).
Krivoy Rog – Krivoy Rog residents (Krivoy Rog resident, Krivoy Rog woman).
Lugansk - Lugansk residents (Lugansk, Luhansk woman).
Lutsk – Lutsk (luchanin, luchanka).
Lviv - Lviv residents (Lviv resident, Lviv woman).
Mariupol - Mariupol residents (Mariupolets, Mariupol woman).
Nikolaev - Nikolaevites (Nikolayevets, w - no).
Odessa - Odessans (Odessa, Odessa).
Poltava – Poltava residents (Poltava resident, Poltava resident).
Pripyat - Pripyat residents (Pripyat resident, Pripyat woman).
Rivne - Rivne residents (Rivne resident, Rivne resident).
Sumy - Sumy residents (Sumy resident, Sumy resident).
Ternopil - Ternopil residents (Ternopil resident, Ternopil resident).
Uzhgorod - Uzhgorod residents (Uzhgorod, w - no).
Kharkov - Kharkov residents (Kharkov resident, Kharkov resident).
Kherson - Kherson people (Khersonets, Kherson).
Khmelnitsky - Khmelnytsky residents (Khmelnytsky resident, Khmelnytsky resident).
Cherkassy - Cherkasy (Cherkasy, Cherkaska).
Chernigov - Chernigovtsy (Chernigovets, Chernigovchanka).
Chernobyl - Chernobyl victims (Chernobyl, Chernobyl).
Chernivtsi - Chernivtsi (Chernivchanin, Chernivtsi).

"They asked how to call city residents... Mariinsk residents live in the city of Mariinsk. A Mariinsk resident is a resident of Mariinsk, a Mariinsky is a resident of this city. Lipetsk residents live in Lipetsk... Well, in Vitebsk they are not Vitebsk residents, as you might think and as it seems at first glance, but a Vitebsk resident and a Vitebsk resident... How to call the residents of the city of Torzhok? In order not to bore anyone, the residents of Torzhok are called Torzhok residents. This is still the same Russian spelling dictionary of the Russian language edited by Vladimir Vladimirovich Lopatin. But there is one such piquant detail, because a Torzhok resident , one, there is, but even this dictionary doesn’t know what to call a woman living in the city of Torzhok...” (Dictionary of Marina Koroleva and Olga Severskaya).

Indeed, the spelling dictionary edited by Professor
V.V. Lopatina gives some names of the inhabitants. You can even ask a question to the dictionary and find out, for example, that a resident of Orsk is an Orsha resident, and a resident is an Orsha woman, that a man living in Orsha is an Orsha resident, and the lady... The lady remained unnamed in the dictionary. Residents of the Ural city of Miass, however, have a broader name: all together are Miassians, and one - a male - is a Miassian (but for some reason with one “s”, although an Odessa resident has two). “In general, in fact, the formation of the names of city residents is an absolutely unique thing; in principle, there are no patterns there...” (Dictionary of Marina Koroleva and Olga Severskaya).
It is, of course, true. It's hard to disagree with this. However, nouns that denote persons by territorial or national origin still have some patterns in their formation. "Dictionary of names of inhabitants of the USSR" edited by A. M. Babkin and E. A. Levashov (M., 1975), which is referred to by the authors of our beloved and already repeatedly cited and recommended reference book "Grammatical Correctness of Russian Speech. Stylistic Dictionary of Variants" ( M.: Nauka, 2001), of course, is somewhat outdated. A new reference publication on this issue is the dictionary-reference book by E. A. Levashov (St. Petersburg, 2000). The subject of this publication is geographical names in general, but the dictionary also contains names of inhabitants. Thus, let us use the resources at our disposal and try to bring some clarity to this burning issue.

There are several word-formation models for naming persons by place of residence in the Russian language. The most productive of them in modern Russian is the model with the suffix -ets. That is, most words - names of residents are formed precisely with the help of this suffix. The suffix -ets is added to stems that act as generators in the formation of names of residents in the following cases.

1. Almost exclusively with the help of this suffix, the names of residents are formed from the stems of the names to a soft sonorant or й [j]:

Stone - stone
Kargopol - kargopolets
Elan - Elanian Ryazan - Ryazanian
Mariupol - Mariupolets
Shatoy - Shatoyets, etc.

If a geographical name is feminine with a base on a soft sonorant or hard consonant, then, as a rule, the suffixes -(yan)ets, -(en)ets or -(in)ets are added to the stem:

Skhodnya - Skhodnynets
Karaganda - Karaganda
Penza - Penza resident
Lakhta - Lakhtinian

The names of residents from some non-Russian geographical names, formalized in Russian as plural nouns, are similar:

Karachi (Pakistan) - Karachi resident Zhamshi - Zhamshi resident, etc.

In addition, all names from feminine nouns in -iha, -ukha are formed with the suffix -inets:

Karabikha - Karabikha
Belokurikha - Belokurikha, etc.
2. With the suffix -ets, most of the names of residents are formed from the names of settlements of the masculine gender with a base on a hard consonant. These are, first of all, geographical names containing the roots of sea, mountains, city, city, burg, lakes:

Solnechnogorsk - Solnechnogorsk
Novgorod - Novgorodian
Nizhny Novgorod - Nizhny Novgorod
Volgograd - Volgograd resident
St. Petersburg - Petersburger
Orenburg - Orenburger
Pyatigorsk - Pyatigorsk
Kholmogory - Kholmogorets, etc.,

As well as the names of residents, formed from various non-Russian names, formalized in Russian as masculine nouns:

Armavir - Armavirian
Barnaul - Barnaulian
Ashgabat - Ashgabatian
Tashkent - Tashkent
Tallinn - Tallinnian
Derbent - Derbent, etc.

3. Only with the suffix -ets are the names of residents formed from geographical names formalized as neuter nouns in -ino:

Lunino - Luninets Kamyshino - Kamyshin, etc.,

And in the overwhelming majority of cases in -ovo, -evo:

Ivanovo - Ivanovo
Skreblovo - Skreblovo, etc.

Even when we encounter deviations from it, the model is possible as an option:

Klimovo - Klimov resident and Klimov resident
Kemerovo - Kemerovo and Kemerovo resident, etc.

4. The suffix -ets is added:

* to the basics of feminine geographical names in -eya, -iya;
* to most feminine names in -ka;
* to almost all bases of geographical names, formatted as adjectives in -Sky;
* to most geographical names-adjectives in -whose, -zhe, -ny
(-naya, -noe) (sometimes in its modifications - -Inets, -Enets);
* to stems ending in k, g, x (often the derived suffix -ovets is added to such stems):

Zambia - Zambian
Libya - Libyan
Japan - Japanese
Austria - Austrian
Gorlovka - Gorlovets
Buturlinovka - Buturlinovets
Novokruchininsky - Novokruchininsky
Novokievsky - Novokievsk
Caspian - Caspian
Mironezhye - Mironezhets
Gremyachye - Gremyachenets
Zaozerye - Zaozerets
Youth - youth
Nagorny - Nagornyets
Buynaksk - Buynakets
Chicago - Chicagoan
Vladivostok - Vladivostokian
Belomorsk - Belomorsk, etc.

Only a few names of residents (mostly old ones) from the stems k, g, x retain the suffix -anin: Elabuzhanin, Kaluzhanin, Riga, Luzhanin, Pyatigorsk, etc.

In the world you create, there must be people, they must live somewhere, therefore, this article can be used when inventing completely new inhabitants.
Good luck!
EXAMPLES:
Azovets - Azov citizen, Azov woman
Artemovich - Artemov resident, Artemov resident
Arkhangelsk - Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk

Belomorets - Belomorsk
Bobrovets - Bobrovchanin, Bobrovchanka
bolkhovets - bolkhovitin - bolkhovite, bolkhovite, bolkhovite, bolkhovite
Bryanets - Bryansk

Veliky Ustyug residents - Veliky Ustyugan, Veliky Ustyugan
Weltz - Welchians, Welchak - Welchanin, Welchanka
vetluzhane - vetluzhtsy, vetluzhanin, vetluzhanka
Vilnius resident - Vilnier
vichugovtsy - vichuzhan, vichuzhanin, vichuzhanka
Volovtsy - Volovchane, Volovchanin, Volovchanka
Vologda resident - Vologda resident, Vologda resident
volkhovets - volkhovchanin, volkhovchanka
Vorkuta - Vorkuta, Vorkuta
Voronezh - Voronezh resident
Vyborg resident - Vyborg resident, Vyborg woman
vyazmitin - vyazmityanin - vyazmich, vyazmichka
Vyatichi - Vyatichanite, Vyatichanka

Gdovets - Gdovichian, Gdovichian

Dixonian - Dixonian
Dmitrovets - Dmitrov resident, Dmitrov resident
dorogobuzhets - dorogobuzhanin, dorogobuzhanka
Dubovtsy - Dubovchane, Dubovchanin

Yelabuzhets - Elabuga resident, Elabuga woman
elizovets - elizovchanin, elizovchanka
Elkhovets - Elkhov resident, Elkhov resident
Essentuki - Essentuchan, Essentuchanin, Essentuchanka

Zheleznovodtsy - Zheleznovodtsy, Zheleznovodchanin, Zheleznovodchanka

Zagortsy - zagorchane, zagorchanin, zagorchanka
zuevets - zuevchanin, zuevchanka

Igarets - Igarchan, Igarchan
Idrinets - Idrichan, Idrichan
Izhevets
izbortsy - izboryanin, izborchanin
Irkutsk resident - Irkutsk resident, Irkutsk resident

Kaluga resident - Kaluga resident, Kaluzhan woman
Kamyshin - Kamyshan
kandalakshets - kandalakshanin, kandalakshanka
kargopolets - kargopol, kargopolka - kargopolyanka
Kemerovo resident, Kemerovo resident
kimovets - kimovchanin, kimovchanka
Kirov residents - Kirov residents, Kirov resident
kovrovets - kovrovchanin, kovrovchanka
kozeltsy - kozelchane, kozelchanin, kozelchanka
kozlovtsy - kozlovchanin, kozlovchanka
Kolomenets - Kolomnyanin, Kolomnitin, Kolomchanka
Kolymets - Kolyma resident
Kostromich - Kostroma resident, Kostroma resident
kromets - kromich - kromchanin, kromchanka
Kuibyshevets - Kuibyshevites
Kungurian - Kunguryak, Kungurian

Lermontovites - Lermontov residents, Lermontov resident, Lermontov resident
Lyskovets - Lyskovite, Lyskovite

Maloyaroslavl residents - Maloyaroslavl residents, Maloyaroslavl resident, Maloyaroslavl resident
mineral water worker - mineral water worker, mineral water worker
Mozdok residents - Mozdok residents, Mozdok resident, Mozdok resident
Murmansk - Murmansk, Murmansk, Murmansk
Muromets - Muromyanin, Muromchanin
Neveltsy - nevelchane, nevelchanin
German - German, German
non-Rekhta residents - non-Rekhta residents, non-Rekhta resident, non-Rekhta resident
Nikoltsy - Nikolchanin, Nikolchanka
Novgorodian - Novgorodian
Norilsk residents - Norilsk residents, Norilsk resident, Norilsk woman

Olonets - Olonchanin, Olonchanka
Omich - Omsk resident, Omsk residents - Omsk residents, Omsk resident
Orlovtsy - Orlovchane, Orlovchanin, Orlovchanka
Okhtinets - Okhtyanin, Okhtyanka

Pavlovtsy - Pavlovtsy, Pavlovtsy, Pavlovtsy
penzenets - penzyak, penzyachka
Petersburger - Petersburger - Petersburger, Petersburger
petrovets - petrovchanin, petrovchanka
Petropavlovets - Petropavlovsk resident
Plastovets - Plastovite, Plastovite
Petrozavodsk - Petrozavodsk resident
Polesians - Poleschans, Poleschanin, Poleschanka
Poltava - Poltava resident
Pomor - Pomeranian, Pomeranian
Porkhovets - Porkhovich - Porkhov resident, Porkhov resident
Prikumtsy - Prikumchane, Prikumchanin, Prikumchanka
shelter - shelter dweller, shelter dweller
prokopyevets - prokopchanin, prokopchanka
Pskov - Pskov - Pskov - Pskov, Pskov - Pskov

Rzhevets - Rzhevityanin, Rzhevka - Rzhevityanka
rovenets - rovenian
Roslavets - Roslavl resident, Roslavl resident
Rostovets - Rostovite, Rostovite

Samarets - Samaritan, Samarka
Sverdlovets - Sverdlovsk resident, Sverdlovsk resident
sebezhan - sebezhanin, sebezhanka
Segezhets - Segezhanian
Sergach - Sergachan, Sergachan
Serdobtsy - Serdobchane, Serdobchanin, Serdobchanka
Serpukhovian - Serpukhovite - Serpukhovich, Serpukhovich
Slavtsy - Slavchane, Slavchanin, Slavchanka
Soskovtsy - Soskovite, Soskovite
Srednekolymets - Srednekolymchanin
Stavropol resident - Stavropol resident, Stavropol resident
Suzdalian - Suzdalian, Suzdalian

Taganrogians - Taganrogians, Taganrogets, Taganrozhka
Tagilian - Tagilchanin, Tagilchanka
Tambovets - Tambov resident, Tambov resident
tveritin - tveryanin - tveryak - tveryanin, tveryanka
Tobolsk residents - Tobolsk residents, Tobolsk resident - Tobolak, Tobolsk resident - Tobolyanka
Tomic - Tomic, Tomic, Tomic - Tomtsy, Tomic
trubchevets - trubchanin
Tula - Tula, Tula - Tula

Ustyuzhanets - Ustyuzhanian, Ustyuzhanian

Khabarovets - Khabarovsk resident, Khabarovsk resident
Kholmogorets - Kholmogorets

Cheboksary - Cheboksaryan, Cheboksary
Chesmenets - Chesmyanin
Chudovets - Chudovchanin, Chudovchanka
Chukhlomets - Chukhlomich, Chukhlomka - Chukhlomichka

Shatrovets - Shatrovian

Yakutians - Yakutians, Yakutian, Yakutian
Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl
Yakhromets - Yakhromich - Yakhromchanin - Yakhromchanka