Косвенная речь в английском языке тренировочные упражнения. Непрямая речь

Helen: I want to tell you something about my holiday in London.

Gareth: What does she say?

Helen: I went to London in July.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says that __________.

Helen: My parents went with me.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says that __________.

Helen: We spent three days in London.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says that __________.

Helen: London is a multicultural place.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says __________.

Helen: I saw people of all colours.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says that __________.

Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says that __________.

Helen: One evening we went to see a musical.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says that __________.

Helen: I love London.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says __________.

Helen: The people are so nice there.

Gareth: What does she say?

You: She says __________.

Your friend is an exchange student in the USA at the moment. You are speaking with him on the phone and your friend Sue is standing next to you. She is very excited - you have to repeat every sentence to her.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: The weather here is great.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: My host family is very nice.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: I have my own room.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: We have a national park here.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: We went there yesterday.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: It was great.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: I"d love to go there again.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: The teachers at my school are very nice.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

Tom: My English has improved.

Sue: What does he say?

You: He says that __________.

1. She said, "I am reading."

She said that __________.

2. They said, "We are busy."

They said that __________.

3. He said, "I know a better restaurant."

He said that __________.

4. She said, "I woke up early."

She said that __________.

5. He said, "I will ring her."

He said that __________.

6. They said, "We have just arrived."

They said that __________.

7. He said, "I will clean the car."

He said that __________.

8. She said, "I did not say that."

She said that __________.

9. She said, "I don"t know where my shoes are."

She said that __________.

10. He said: "I won"t tell anyone."

He said that __________.

1. They said, "This is our book."

They said __________.

2. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday."

She said __________.

3. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow."

He said __________.

4. You said, "I will do this for him."

You said __________.

5. She said, "I am not hungry now."

She said __________.

6. They said, "We have never been here before."

They said __________.

7. They said, "We were in London last week."

They said __________.

8. He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow."

He said __________.

9. He said, "They won"t sleep."

He said __________.

10. She said, "It is very quiet here."

She said __________.

1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.

She asked __________.

2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.

Martin asked us __________.

3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"

He asked __________.

4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

The mother asked her daughter __________.

5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.

She asked her boyfriend __________.

6. "What are they doing?" she asked.

7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.

He wanted to know __________.

8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"

9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.

She asked me __________.

10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.

My friend asked me __________.

11. "What"s the time?" he asked.

He wanted to know __________.

12. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.

She asked me __________.

13. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.

She asked him __________.

14. "Where did they live?" he asked.

He wanted to know __________.

15. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.

He asked her __________.

16. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.

She asked me __________.

17. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.

The teacher wanted to know __________.

18. "Why don"t you help me?" she asked him.

She wanted to know __________.

19. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.

He asked me __________.

20. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.

The mother asked the twins __________.

1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.

The teacher told Joe __________.

2. "Be patient," she said to him.

She told him __________.

3. "Go to your room," her father said to her.

Her father told her __________.

4. "Hurry up," she said to us.

She told us __________.

5. "Give me the key," he told her.

He asked her __________.

6. "Play it again, Sam," she said.

She asked Sam __________.

7. "Sit down, Caron" he said.

He asked Caron __________.

8. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.

The receptionist asked the guest __________.

9. "Take off your shoes," she told us.

She told us __________.

10. "Mind your own business," she told him.

She told him __________.

1. "Don"t touch it," she said to him.

She told him __________.

2. "Don"t do that again," he said to me.

He told me __________.

3. "Don"t talk to me like that," he said.

He told her __________.

4. "Don"t repair the computer yourself," she warned him.

She warned him __________.

5. "Don"t let him in," she said.

She told me __________.

6. "Don"t go out without me," he begged her.

He begged her __________.

7. "Don"t forget your bag," she told me.

She told me __________.

8. "Don"t eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said.

The chemistry teacher told his students __________.

9. "Don"t give yourself up," he advised her.

He advised her __________.

10. "Don"t hurt yourselves, boys," she said.

She told the boys __________.

1. She said, "Go upstairs."

She told me __________.

2. "Close the door behind you," he told me.

He told me __________.

3. "Don"t be late," he advised us.

He advised us __________.

4. "Stop staring at me," she said.

She told him __________.

5. "Don"t be angry with me," he said.

He asked her __________.

6. "Leave me alone," she said.

She told me __________.

7. "Don"t drink and drive," she warned us.

She warned us __________.

8. "John, stop smoking," she said.

She told John __________.

9. "Don"t worry about us," they said.

They told her __________.

10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said.

He asked me __________.

1. He said, "I like this song."

He said __________.

2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.

She asked me __________.

3. "I don"t speak Italian," she said.

She said __________.

4. "Say hello to Jim," they said.

They asked me __________.

5. "The film began at seven o"clock," he said.

He said __________.

6. "Don"t play on the grass, boys," she said.

She told the boys __________.

7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.

She asked him __________.

8. "I never make mistakes," he said.

He said __________.

9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.

He wanted to know __________.

10. "Don"t try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.

The stuntman advised the audience __________.

11. "I was very tired," she said.

She said __________.

12. "Be careful, Ben," she said.

She told Ben __________.

13. "I will get myself a drink," she says.

She says __________.

14. "Why haven"t you phoned me?" he asked me.

He wondered __________.

15. "I cannot drive them home," he said.

He said __________.

16. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.

She asks Peter __________.

17. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.

She asked me __________.

18. He said, "Don"t go too far."

He advised her __________.

19. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us.

He wanted to know __________.

20. "Don"t make so much noise," he says.

He asks us __________.

1. She realized that nobody (will come/would come).

2. We understood that she (sees/saw) nothing.

3. He said he (will arrive/would arrive) in some days.

4. My mother was sure I already (have come/had come).

5. I didn"t know they (are/were) in the room.

6. We supposed the rain (will stop/would stop) in some hours.

7. He said he never (has been/had been) to London.

8. We wanted to know who (is singing/was singing) in the next room.

9. I always thought he (is/was) a brave man.

10. When I saw him, he (is working/was working).

11. We know she always (comes/came) in time.

12. They thought he (will have finished/would have finished) his work by the evening.

13. She said she (has/had) a terrible headache.

14. We supposed they (will send/would send) us the documents.

15. He said he (has not seen/had not seen) us for ages.

1. Her brother said he never (to see) that film before.

2. He came home and listened: his son (to play) the piano.

3. They didn"t worry too much because they (to lock) the door.

4. I asked her when she (to give) me that book to read.

5. We wanted to know if they (to enjoy) the meal.

6. She supposed she (to like) the hotel.

7. I am afraid they (not to come) yet.

8. He wanted to know if the station (to be) far away.

9. Eric doesn"t know who (to phone) him at five o"clock.

10. He admitted he (not to be) here for weeks.

11. She was sorry she (to arrive) so late.

12. Jean promised she never (to speak) to me again.

13. Andy said he just (to buy) a new car.

14. My mother decided that she never (to drink) coffee late at night.

15. I hear you already (to find) a new job.

16. We were sure our children (to sleep).

17. I didn"t think they still (to discuss) that problem.

18. It is remarkable that you (to come) at last.

19. My doctor thinks I (to be) allergic to pineapples.

20. Sophia knew her aunt (to be) glad to visit her in two days.

1. When I opened the window, I saw the sun (to shine).

2. We are sure Simon (to marry) her some time later.

3. He can"t remember where he (to put) his glasses.

4. George thought the restaurant (to be) expensive.

5. She was disappointed that she (not to get) the job.

6. I didn"t understand why they (to destroy) their relationship.

7. He is not sure they (to find) their way in the darkness.

9. People say that he always (to be) very rich.

10. She said she (to wait) for me since seven o"clock.

11. They thought I (to give) them my telephone number.

12. I am afraid I (not can) answer your question.

13. We wanted to know what (to happen) to John.

14. George thought he (can) repair the car himself.

15. She is very upset: she (to break) her watch.

16. Bill said he (to feel) ill.

17. We thought she still (to be) in hospital.

18. I knew he (to pass) his examination at that time.

19. My cousin promised he (to visit) me in a week.

20. We didn"t know they (to be) tired.

1. Я думал, что она болеет.

2. Мы надеялись, что он придет вовремя.

3. Я не знал, что его сестра учит английский язык.

4. Он уверен, что закончит работу до вечера.

5. Она сказала, что не хочет идти на прогулку.

6. Мы хотели знать, когда она пришла.

7. Мой друг говорит, что уже прочитал эту статью.

8. Я не знал, что он занят и не может мне помочь.

9. Никто не хотел верить, что он сказал правду.

10. Она надеется, что я не буду работать целый день в воскресенье.

11. Мы увидели, что дети играют в футбол.

12. Он сказал, что его мама доктор.

1. They are working in the garden. (We were sure).

2. I have never been to Paris. (I told).

3. They have been waiting for him for ten minutes. (He didn"t know).

4. Tim hasn"t written for them for ages. (She knew).

5. Kath will not see us. (My mother wrote).

6. He is going to the park. (He told me).

7. They are skating. (I supposed).

8. Somebody has stolen his purse. (He did not notice).

9. Sophie is a very clever girl. (Everybody knew).

10. He doesn"t agree. (He told).

11. She hasn’t done her homework. (She said).

12. I don"t like going to parties. (I told them).

13. She doesn"t know how much the dress cost. (Mary told me).

14. We will come again next year. (We wrote them).

15. I am washing the car. (I told him).

16. He has already seen this play. (He didn"t tell us).

17. She is not feeling very well. (She told the doctor).

18. He is translating the article. (I saw).

19. She will talk to Susan. (She promised).

20. He can not swim. (I didn"t suppose).

1. Она сказала, что будет рада увидеть нас вновь.

2. Он сказал, что знает, как я себя чувствую.

3. Я сказал, что он только что вернулся из командировки.

4. Мы не заметили, как дети вышли из комнаты.

5. Она пообещала, что пришлет нам письмо.

6. Он не хотел верить, что они не понимают его.

7. Он не сказал, что не любит ходить в театр.

8. Мы надеялись, что он уже вернулся домой.

9. Она сказала, что живет в Саранске уже двадцать лет.

10. Мой брат сказал, что не согласен со мной.

11. Мы хотели знать, где он и что он делает в это время.

12. Все знали, что она поедет в командировку, но не знали, когда она вернется.

13. Я не мог понять, почему он не пришел. Я подумал, что он болен.

14. Мама сказала, что она вернется до семи вечера.

15. Никто из учеников не знал, что он такой сильный.

16. Он сказал, что занят, что он работает над докладом.

17. Моя сестра сказала, что никогда не встречала эту

женщину раньше и ничего не слышала о ней.

18. Мы были очень рады, что они не заблудились в незнакомом городе и пришли вовремя.

19. Все думали, что лекция начнется в десять.

20. Мы не надеялись, что увидим его снова.

1. Он надеялся, что проведет следующее лето у моря.

2. Мама сказала, что она хочет остаться дома.

3. Я знал, что ничего особенного с ним не случилось.

4. Нам казалось, что она смеется над нами.

5. Все знали, что он ошибается, но никто не решался сказать ему об этом.

6. Она сказала, что ждет свою подругу уже четверть часа.

7. Они спросили меня, что я буду делать в субботу.

8. Я не был уверен в том, что он поговорил с родителями.

9. Тренер объяснил нам, что это очень опасный вид спорта.

10. Моя двоюродная сестра пообещала мне, что навестит меня через неделю.

11. Отец сказал, что не знает, звонил ли мне кто-нибудь, потому что его не было дома.

12. Она сказала, что не хочет кофе, что она выпьет чай.

13. Он сообщил нам, что делегация прибудет сюда около трех.

14. Я хотел знать, какой язык они изучают и разговаривают ли они по-английски.

15. Он понял, что потерял хорошую возможность заработать немного денег.

16. Она волновалась, потому что не знала, понравятся ли детям ее подарки.

17. Они сказали, что экономическая ситуация хуже, чем они думали.

18. Мы надеялись, что это будет интереснейшая встреча.

19. Мой брат написал мне, что он поступил в университет.

20. Его дядя сказал, что придет к ним в гости.

1. "Give me a cup of tea, please", said my mother to me.

2. "Don"t ask me such stupid questions", said Susan to him.

3. "Open your books at page ten", said our teacher to us.

4. "Don"t make so much noise", said mother to her children.

5. "Please, open the window", asked his friend.

6. "Don"t lock the door", said her granny.

7. He said to me: "Turn the sound down".

8. "Don"t phone me so late", said my sister to me.

9. She asked me: "Please, give me his address".

10. "Don"t tell her the truth", said they to him.

11. He said to his daughter: "Don"t tease the dog!"

12. "Give us a drive, please", they asked him.

13. "Don"t be late for the lesson", Susan"s teacher said to her.

1. Мама попросила меня купить хлеб.

2. Мой брат сказал мне помыть машину.

3. Она попросила свою дочку не шуметь.

4. Родители сказали ему не выходить из дома.

5. Сестра попросила меня помочь ей.

6. Милиционер приказал им остановиться.

7. Они попросили ее не рассказывать правду об этом случае.

8. Я сказал своему другу прийти в семь вечера.

9. Учитель попросил ученика подойти к доске.

10. Она попросила не звонить ей.

1. "Sit down, children", she told us.

2. "Hurry up", my friend told me.

3. "Leave your keys on the table, please", mother told him.

4. "Have your tickets ready", two men told us.

5. "Don"t eat for several days", my doctor told me.

6. Nick"s father said to him: "Please, pass me a cigarette".

7. "Don"t smoke in my room", she asked me.

8. "Don"t go there," Jane"s parents said. "Stay at home".

10. Mr. Jones said: "Don"t stop!"

12. "Take the children from school for me, please", he asked.

13. "Please, help me to translate this text", David said to me.

14. "Don"t go near the dog", he told to his son.

15. "Give me a cup of tea, please", my granny asked me.

16. My teacher said: "Please, bring the register".

17. "Stay back!" - ordered the police.

18. "Give me a lift into city, please", she asked me.

19. My friend said to me: "Lend me some money, please".

20. "Don"t forget to post this letter", she said to me.

1. "My son is a student", said Henry.

2. "She is working at the library", said her mother.

3. My friend said to me:" I have not seen you for ages!"

4. " I shall solve the clues tomorrow," said All.

5. He said: " There is nobody here to stop them".

6. The soldier said: "We will find a place to lie up. I am afraid they will kill us".

7. My friend said to me: "We have been waiting for you for ten minutes".

9. "I am busy now. I am doing my lessons", said Tom.

10. "She is not here. She has just left the office", the secretary said to us.

11. He said to me: "This man is the doctor for the hospital".

12. "There is no one by that name here", they answered.

13. "I am ill. I have a high temperature", he said to us.

14. "We have tried to telephone him", they said.

15. "I don"t think I will have done this work by the evening", she said.

1. "I was to London last year", she said to me.

2. "I have never been here before", he said to the girl next to him.

3. She said: "One of these men is my husband".

4. «I have come here to meet Jane", he said to me.

5. "We can not help you: we are too busy", they told me.

6. "I will come to visit you the day after tomorrow", she said to me.

7. He said: "I was tired so I went home after the party".

8. "They are at the little hotel near the station", said Mike.

9. She said: "I am trying to listen to music. Go out!"

10. "I haven"t been waiting long", said Stephen to her.

11. "They are getting married tomorrow", he said.

12. She thought: "I will do it on Sunday".

13. They said to me: "We are meeting them at four o"clock today".

14. "I am going to the cinema", she said to me.

15. "He can not speak any foreign languages", Mary said to us.

1. "I am not joking", said my friend.

2. He said: "I have already spoken to the manager".

3. Joan said to Mary: "I didn"t feel very well yesterday".

4. Simon said: "I must go now. I am in a hurry".

5. "I like swimming and playing tennis", she said.

6. Mike said: "My parents are arriving tomorrow".

7. "We were in this city two years ago", he said.

8. She said: "My friend doesn"t like this film".

9. David said: "I will help you tomorrow if I have time".

10. "I have already translated two articles", said Jane.

11. "We are .going to stay in this hotel", they told us.

13. "I want to know where you spent last night", he said.

14. "I will be working the whole day next Friday", said my cousin.

15. "Mind your business", he said to me.

1. "The publisher has told me that he is going to accept my book", he said to me.

2. My mother said: "Speak in a low voice. The baby is sleeping".

3. "I have my English lesson today", my brother said to me.

4. The student said: "I am afraid I will not pass my exam tomorrow".

5. "I have seen two nurses. I will find out where they are", said the man.

6. John said: "I have never tasted anything so tasty".

7. "Your joke is stupid. I don"t want to listen to your jokes any more", she said to Peter.

8. "I am not crying", Julia said.

9. "I will not leave you alone if you want me to stay", Catherine said.

10. "We are going to go to the disco", my friend said to me.

11. Ann said: "Last Saturday I was at the theatre, but I did not like the play".

12. The doctor told me: "Beer will not be good for you".

13. He said: "It is too late to start to ski if you have never done it before".

14. "We have been married four years", they said to me.

15. "Don"t worry about me. I feel fine", she said to her mother.

1. "I am very hungry. I want to eat something now", a boy said.

2. "I will never finish this work if you don"t help me", his wife told him.

3. He said: "This machine is not good but the others are much better".

4. "I"ve heard about it before", she said.

5. "You will come with me to see Ann", said Miss Barkley.

6. "I don"t know", he said. "There isn"t always an explanation for everything".

7. "He didn"t join us in the bar", my friend said.

8. "I am awfully sorry, but I can"t help you", my cousin said.

9. "We know all about it now", his parents said to him.

10. "I was working hard the whole day yesterday", Nick said.

11. "They will have returned by nine o"clock", my granny said to me.

12. "I don"t know why he wanted to go to war", she said.

13. "There is no work for you now", said the manager to him.

14. "You did exactly right", she said". "I don"t mind at all".

15. "He has been leading a sort of an interesting life", his friend said.

1. "We are going to have dinner", my mother said to me.

2. "She has made great progress in her English", her teacher said.

3. "I will be glad to help you, don"t mind", Joe said to Polly.

4. "We are playing a boring game", his children said.

5. Robert said: "Nobody has mentioned about it".

6. "I can"t stay here", he said.

7. "As soon as you see him, give him my telephone number", Henry said to me.

8. "I"ll just step out the door for a minute", Julia said.

9. "Be a good boy and be careful", his father said.

10. "If I go back my parents will not let me go out", the boy said to his friends.

11. "I think you don"t know anything about it", Victor said.

12. "They have been discussing this question for two hours", said the secretary.

13. "I am all right. I feel better now", the patient said.

14. "If it is possible I will return in time", he said.

15. Her sister said to me: "She is still doing her homework".

1. She said she had already found her book.

2. My father told me that he was busy.

3. The pupil said he had not learnt the lesson.

4. All said that he was ill and felt unwell.

5. My sister told me that if she got that book she would give it me to read.

6. Mother asked me to stay at home as the weather was bad.

7. The man said he had never been to England.

9. The man said that there was not room for us.

10. His father asked him to put the papers on the table.

11. Barry said that he thought he had left his watch at home.

13. The teacher told the boy to leave the room immediately.

14. Derek told me he had got to entertain his cousins on Sunday evening.

15. She said she would bring me a glass of milk every night.

1. She told me she was not surprised at the news as she knew about it.

2. He said he had had an accident.

3. Liz said she could give me the newspaper as she had finished with it.

4. The boy said he was afraid he had broken my vase.

5. Kate told her mother she would not be out for long.

6. They said they didn"t understand why he had been late.

7. The woman said she was taking her four-year-old niece to see Paris.

8. Steve told me he had been working sixty hours a week for the past month.

9. He said it would be difficult to go back.

10. Alison told me she was having dinner.

11. John said he was sorry he hadn"t phoned me before.

12. Barry told the doctor he felt ill as he had had an enormous meal.

13. She said she was right after all.

14. They told us they were leaving on January 7.

15. She asked me not to open the window.

2. She said: "Did you invite him to the party?"

3. "Have you finished your exams?" he asked me.

4. My friend said: "Does your sister live in Saransk?"

5. Mother asked her daughter: "Have you hurt your leg?"

6. He said to the shop assistant: "How much does it cost?"

7. "Have you ever been to the USA?" they said to me.

8. Steve said: "Where did you stay in Moscow?"

9. My father said to me: "Can you pass me the magazine?"

10. They asked: "What time will the train arrive?"

11. My mother said to me: "Why didn"t you buy bread?"

12. His friend asked: "How do you get to school?"

13. Barry said to me: "How long have you been waiting for your friend?"

14. She asked: "Who is singing in the next room?"

15. I asked my friend: "When did you telephone me?"

1. Не asked me: "Can you give me your pen?"

2. She said: "Has he already come home after lessons?"

3. They said to him: "Which school do you go to?"

4. Liz asked: "Are you seeing the manager tomorrow?"

5. My mother told me: "Where have you put my book?"

6. She asked: "How long have you been translating this article?"

8. "Are you busy now?" Nick asked his brother.

9. Kate"s mother said: "What marks have you got at school?"

10. She asked me: "When will you go to the USA?"

1. Не said that he had studied English before he entered the institute.

2. She said that her parents lived in the country.

3. He told me that his son would arrive the following day.

4. David said he had broken his bicycle.

5. They told us they were busy: they were discussing a very important question.

6. Tom said he had been working at school for three years.

7. She said her daughter would go on a trip the following month.

8. James said he liked to see adventure films.

9. My friend said she wanted to buy a dog for her children.

11. His mother told him not to go to school because he was ill.

12. Sue said Ann had invited her to stay in her house for the following weekend.

13. His friend told him that he didn"t think he could help.

14. She said she could not go for a walk with me as she was watching an interesting TV programme.

15. They told me that the train was leaving at the moment.

1. She said: "My parents are arriving tomorrow".

2. "We will be waiting at the station when you arrive", they told him.

3. "When I get money, I"ll buy a new car", said my friend.

4. He said: "I must go and post a letter".

5. She said: "I stayed in a hotel for two weeks".

6. "Don"t speak in a loud voice, your brother is sleeping", told mother to him.

7. "I can see you tomorrow", she said.

8. Beth said: "When father comes, I shall show him my picture".

9. "I"ve made some discoveries for myself today", said Meg.

10. "If you go straight, you will lose your way", the warning said.

11. "It"s a nice country. You can reach the sea from any place", my uncle said.

12. "Don"t play with a dog. Go and do your lessons", his elder sister told him.

13. "If they come to see me, I"ll bake my favourite cake for them", said Jane.

14. He said: "I will take the place of the man of the family now".

15. "Remember the warning! Don"t play with fire", said the man.

1. "Last year we spent in the Crimea". (They said)

2. "They moved to a new flat yesterday". (They said)

3. "I don"t remember what she said". (He said)

4. "We have seen him today twice". (They said)

5. "I shall help you if you like". (She said)

6. "I have been translating this text for two hours". (He said)

7. "They are watching us at the moment". (Beth said)

8. "He will be retired next month". (His father said)

9. "You are have to be more polite". (Our teacher said)

10. "I am not doing something special now. I am watching TV". (My friend said)

11. "She will go for a walk if she has time". (Her mother said)

12. "I have not told anybody about it". (Nick said)

13. "It will be nice of you if you apologize for your behaviour". (Polly said)

14. "I am going to go to university". (His friend said)

15. "You will fail your exams if don"t work hard". (My parents said)

16. Two years ago they were students. (She said)

17. Next year I will go to the USA. (Kate said)

18. I was not at school yesterday as I was ill. (The pupil said)

19. I think he will become a singer as he sings well. (His teacher said)

20. We are not sure she has already finished her work. (They said)

1. Why did not he come to the yacht-club? (He didn"t tell us...)

2. Where has she been? (We didn"t know...).

3. Do you often play basketball? (She asked me...).

4. Why doesn"t she come early? (He wanted to know...).

5. When will the next train leave? (We asked...).

6. What are you doing? (My friend asked me...).

7. How long have his parents worked for the company? (They didn"t know...).

8. When did Jack phone me? (He wanted to know...).

9. How often does she visit them? (He asked me...).

10. Who gave him money? (She didn"t know...).

11. How many times have they seen this film? (He wondered...).

12. Why will not she come to the party? (He asked...).

13. What is the little boy playing with? (She wanted to know...).

14. What will they be doing at 5 o"clock? (My friend asked...).

15. What are your hobbies? (He asked me...).

1. I said: "Did you become a manager five years ago?

2. He asked me: "Does your sister study at school?"

3. She said: "Is he working on his report?"

4. Jack said: "Did you meet anybody at the party?"

5. Kate said to him: "Do you like modern art?"

6. Pat said to Nick: "Are you busy?"

8. My friend said: "Have you already chosen a book to read?"

9. They asked us: "Are you tired?"

10. We asked: "Will you come to see us on Friday?"

11. Peter said: "Have they been waiting for hours?"

14. I asked my brother: "Can you help me?

15. She asked her: "Has he already received a letter?"

17. I asked her: "Can you give me a new cassette?"

1. Are there any people in the house? (The policeman asked...)

2. Has he already returned? (He asked me...)

3. Did you sister refuse to go to the cinema? (She asked...)

4. Will you return my book in time? (He asked me...)

5. Is he a good-looking man? (She wanted to know...)

6. Have they ever been to New Zealand? (We asked...)

7. Are you coming back today? (They asked us...)

8. Did the bus come in time? (He wanted to know...)

9. Does she know anything about his problem? (They asked...)

10. Can you translate this text without any dictionary? (She asked him...)

11. Is she cooking dinner in the kitchen? (He didn"t know...)

12. Will they recognize us in the crowd? (They wanted to know...)

13. Are you in a hurry? (She asked me...)

14. Will she return in time? (They did not ask me...)

15. Can you think about the future and not about the past? (He asked...)

1. My friend asked me: "Which book did you take?"

2. Father said to Kate: "What are you doing now?"

3. Tom said: "Have you met Pat before?"

4. Judy asked Nike: "Did you invite your friends?"

5. My aunt asked me: "Have you already finished your exams?"

6. The teacher asked his pupils: "Do you like the story?"

7. The passenger said: "What time does the plane arrive?"

8. Grandmother said to Jack: "Will you send a telegram tomorrow?"

9. She asked her guest: "Do you prefer coffee to tea?"

10. Mother asked her children: "Who has broken the cup?"

11. The child asked his father: "What is this toy made of?"

12. The doctor said to his patient: "How are you feeling now?"

13. Sam asked Jane: "Haven"t I seen you somewhere before?"

14. He asked his friend: "Can I get you something to drink?"

15. John asked Chris: "When are you leaving?"

1. She asked me if I liked Coke.

2. My friend asked me if he could borrow my car.

3. John wanted to know if that had not caused any problem.

4. She asked me if I would not mind about it.

5. They wanted to know where I was going.

6. Kate asked Mike whether he preferred eating at home.

7. We wanted to know when he would tell us the truth.

8. I asked her where her father was.

9. They wanted to know if the results of that experiment were exciting.

10. Susan asked Ann when she would give her new telephone number.

1. Ann asked me: "Have you been shopping here all morning?"

2. She said to me: "I am married and I"ve got one daughter".

3. The woman told me: "I"m talking my niece to see the city".

4. They said to me: "How long have you been a hairdresser?"

5. He asked the man: "Could I possibly borrow your magazine?"

6. She asked him: "Do you have any friends in Moscow?"

7. Ann said to her friend: "I am meeting my cousin but the train is late".

8. I told him: "You are much more open-minded then other people".

9. Nick asked Tom: "How long have you been married?"

10. I asked Liz: "Do you mind very much if I open the window?"

12. She asked me: "Who cooks and cleans for you?"

13. I asked them: "Are you going to see anything interesting?"

14. They said to me: "We have just moved into a new flat".

15. Nick"s father asked him: "Bring me a cup of coffee, please".

1. The passenger asked: "Where"s the information desk?"

2. The teacher said to his pupils: "Turn to the first page of Unit two".

3. He asked us: "Is it all right if I open the window?"

4. I said to my friend: "I am afraid I can"t come out for a sea with you".

5. She told Jack: "I will not forget to send you a telegram".

6. They asked: "How much are the tickets?"

7. He wrote in his letter: "I know you are ill and I hope you shall get better".

8. The man asked me: "Do you know what time the train gets to Sochi?"

9. Mother told Pete: "Don"t forget to call me when you reach the place".

10. My friend told me: "I"ll help you to do your homework if you like".

11. He asked his grandson: "Have you any idea what I did with my glasses?"

12. His granny asked him: "Don"t open the window".

13. The teacher asked the boy: "Why are your hands so dirty?"

14. Father said: "Look at these clouds. It is raining soon".

15. Jack said to Sam: "Are you doing anything this evening?"

16. "I haven"t learnt a poem for today", said Pete.

17. She said: "I like this song from the sixties".

18. He asked me: "Where was Richard going when you met him?"

19. My grandmother said to me: "You"re grown up now".

20. "What did you do at the lesson yesterday?" said his mother.

21. "Have you paid for everything?" the security guard said to him.

22. Nellie said: "I want to keep this because it reminds me of my grandfather".

23. "We have got about twenty supermarkets in our city", the manager said.

24. My mother said: "Don"t brush too much oil on the meat".

25. She said to him: "I have not spoken to you for three days".

26. "I have lost my key. I"m looking for it", said Tom.

27. "Why do you think the exam will be easy?" she asked me.

28. "How long has Ann lived in Ruzaevka?" asked he.

29. "Your English is very good", he said to me. - "You make very few mistakes".

30. "He will be away till next month", his wife said to us.

1. Не asked me: "When can I talk to you?"

2. Eric said to me: "Come and have a look at my new bike".

3. "I"ll get the ticket to the concert. I promise!" David said.

4. Delia said: "Tom has invited me to go sailing at the weekend".

5. The man said: "Don"t park your car in front of the gate".

6. The manager said: "We have received a complaint about the prices".

7. "Do you know the cause of the fire?" asked the policeman.

8. "When I get a job, I"ll buy a new car", said Mike.

9. "You will get a sunstroke if you spend more time in the sun", he said.

10. She asked me: "Have you ever made a speech in front of one thousand people?"

11. "If time allows, discuss this question with me", my brother said.

12. "Will you refuse to see your best friend for a million pounds?" he asked me.

13. Paul said to us: "Someone has stolen my case".

14. The tourist said: "I don"t speak French and can"t order a cup of coffee".

15. My sister said: "I"ve got a headache".

16. She said: "I don"t know where I have lost my hotel key".

17. The firefighter said: "The main cause of fires is carelessness".

18. "We will have finished building by the end of the year", they said to me.

19. My mother said to me: "Go to bed".

20. "When did you receive a telegram?" asked the boy.

21. My friend asked me: "Have you ever used electric toothbrush?"

22. "Sit down at the table and have a cup of tea", said Alice to me.

23. She said to Mike: "Have you got a lot of relatives?"

24. "I"m afraid I will be late for dinner", said Helen.

26. "This time next week we"ll be doing our exams", said they.

27. "How much do you earn?" he asked his brother.

28. "Don"t hope we"ll get there in time!" said Mike.

29. Ann said to her little sister: "I"ve told you several times not to take my pen".

30. He told me: "They have invited to go to an archaeological dig".

1. "How long do you work every day?" said the man to Peter.

2. Ann said: "Put the milk back in the fridge!"

3. "They will come back in time for college", said their father.

4. The guide said to the tourists: "We can"t go through passport control together".

5. Bill said to the boy: "I"ve just realized you are telling the truth",

6. Her friend said to her: "Why do you keep complaining all the time?"

7. "I"ll earn nothing as it"s voluntary work", said the student.

8. She said: "I hope we get there in time to get a good seat".

9. The boy said to his father: "I am doing my home task".

10. Mother asked: "Why haven"t you had breakfast yet?"

11. The manager said to us: "You will be working six hours every day".

12. "I think you are lying", she said to the boy.

13. My cousin asked me: "Will we go to the cinema on Monday?"

14. "I met your sister in the street yesterday", she said to Johnny.

15. Mother asked her children: "Where are your toys?"

16. "Please don"t tell a lie", asked Susan.

18. "I feel very sorry for you", said George to Hester.

19. "Your wife has left the hospital. She"s on her way home", said the doctor.

20. "Don"t you want them to help you, they"ll do it with pleasure", said Pete.

21. "Don"t look at me like that", said the woman.

22. The pupil said: "London is not as big as Tokyo".

23. "What will you have achieved by the next year?" asked he.

24. The man said: "I"ll go and get some roses to welcome her home".

25. "There is nothing to worry about", said George.

26. He said to us: "I have no idea how to help you".

27. "Let me show you how to do it", the old man said to the boy.

28. "How are you today?" asked the doctor politely.

29. "I"ll have read this book by then", said my friend.

30. She shouted to them: "Get out!"

31. "What game is the boy playing?" said Nick.

32. "New York is on the same latitude as Lisbon", she said.

33. "There is not the right way to do it", Peter said. "I can show you the right way".

34. The policeman said: "This man has spent four weeks in prison".

35. "The title of today"s discussion is the greenhouse effect", said the teacher. "Are you ready to discuss this problem?"

36. "I think he won"t have finished studying until he is twenty-five", said Jane.

37. The woman said: "I think I"m going to give the police a ring".

38. "Do you think I am fool?" he said to me. "I don"t think so".

39. "I"ve just received some money from my aunt", said Julia.

40. They asked him: "Where did this woman die?"

1. Не asked us politely: "How long will you stay here?"

2. "Moscow is much larger than Saransk", he said.

3. The pupil said to the teacher: "I got most of my information from this book".

4. "Their older son went to work in the factory", she said.

5. My mother said to me: "This letter is from the Jones family".

6. "Did you stay with them last summer?" they asked me.

7. "I"m in the kitchen." My mother said to me: "Come and help me".

8. Helen said to me: "I know they"re your best friends".

9. "Do you often meet at the institute?" Mike asked me.

10. "We didn"t recognize that place", said Fred.

11. He said: "I"m sure they will not refuse to come".

12. "My father was the first member of the family to go to college", said John.

13. Ann said: "I hate borrowing other people"s things".

14. "Why did he decide to turn back?", my friend asked me.

15. "You are kidding!" said James. "I"ve just read about that".

16. "How long are you going to stay here?" asked Jane.

17. "Look at this", she said to us. "He is on a life support machine".

18. "They don"t teach anything about politics", he said.

19. "When did they run out?" said James.

20. "I don"t agree that boys always get into fights", our teacher said.

21. "Why are you talking to a stranger?" said my friend.

22. "I think she works in a bank", said Andrew.

23. He said: "I am not tired, I can go for a walk with you".

24. "It has been snowing for two hours", she said to me.

25. "I"ll never read his novels again", said Nellie. "I"ve had enough of this".

26. "She likes to dance and she goes to the discos almost every day", her mother said.

27. The secretary said: "There is nobody in the office. The staff has gone home".

28. "Wait for him a little. He will be ready soon", John"s mother said to us.

29. "Whom are you waiting for?", he asked them.

30. "I want to talk to you about this", said the boy"s mother. "What"s this?"

31. "Why hasn"t she paid repairs yet?" asked father.

32. The librarian said to children: "Return books in time".

33. "Where were they last night?" said Dan to them.

34. The teacher said: "The children are doing their sums at the moment".

35. Kate said: "I have read the story and now I am making up a plan".

36. "Are you playing tennis this afternoon?" asked Bill.

37. Ann said about Jack: "He never thinks about other people".

38. "What happened to Jane last night?" said Mary.

39. "It will take me an hour to cook the dinner", said Helen.

40. My parents said to my younger brother: "Cross the street when the traffic light is green".

1. She said: "My grandmother hates leaving doors open".

2. "Do you think you are always right?" she asked me.

3. "Is there something wrong with you?" my friend said to me. - "What can I do for you?"

4. "You told me to be objective and that"s what I do", said Mary to her mother.

5. Frank said to Jane: "I suppose nothing will change your decision".

6. "Please, don"t help him!" said woman. - "He can do it by himself".

7. "Which of you is free now?" asked the teacher.

8. "Don"t criticise your friend", said Nike.

9. Rita said to me: "What has mother told you to do today?"

10. "I can look after myself", said the old man.

11. "Why did you use the phone without asking?" said John.

12. "Don"t fold back the pages of my book?" Frank said to Mary.

14. "Do you think it"s strange that he wants to sleep on the floor?" Julia asked Tom.

15. "If I feel better, I will come to see you tomorrow", said Helen to me.

16. She asked me: "What are you planning for summer".

17. "Don"t smoke in the compartment", asked the passenger.

18. "Why did you return home so late last night?" my mother said to me.

19. He asked Jane: "How long have you been waiting for your cousin?"

20. "I"m not paying for your lunch, Tom", said his friend. "I haven"t got any money".

21. She said to Mabel: "I"ve never heard anyone worse. He is a bad singer".

22. "When did they leave the country?" he asked Helen.

23. Bob said: "I don"t think it will happen".

24. "I won"t do it until you give me some money", said the boy.

25. "What is that book in your hands?" he asked me.

26. "Please, let me go", she said.

27. "What do you think we will do on Sunday?" my son asked me.

28. Paul said to me: "If he phones, tell him that I am not at home".

29. "Do you think that the doctors are good?" asked Lucy.

30. "Listen, Ann!" said her friend. - "I"ve met Boris with another girl".

31. "What"s the weather like? Is it still raining?" asked my aunt.

32. "Don"t be late. We will be waiting for you", they said to me.

33. "Do you believe him?" said the old lady.

34. "What is this play about?" said Tom to Mary.

35. Jenny"s father said to her: "Stop talking!"

36. "Have you left a message on an answer phone?" I asked him.

37. My granny said to me: "Turn off the radio immediately".

38. "Why hasn"t Bruno finished the conversation?" said Ron.

39. She said to the policeman: "Can you show the right direction?"

40. "Get out of the car and don"t move!" they told him.

1. His father told him to cross the street where he wanted to.

2. My husband said he was thinking about buying new car.

3. The teacher told him to keep the books clean.

4. He told me that he never got letters: nobody wrote to him.

5. Alice said she was tired and she was going to lie down.

6. My friend asked me how long I had known Ann.

7. She asked us we would agree to help her.

8. Peter said he had learned the rule and he was doing the exercise.

9. George said he didn"t want to catch cold and stay at home.

10. She asked Tom where he had left his umbrella.

11. They told me they had been waiting for me for twenty minutes.

12. I asked my friend what time he was going home.

13. Our teacher told us that we would write the test in a week.

14. I asked my uncle when he would take me to the zoo.

15. She said she was busy as she was working on her report.

16. Не asked me if I would be working late that night.

17. Frank asked Ann where she had bought that book.

18. My aunt said she could hardly stop herself from laughing.

19. Peter said he would have his appendix removed.

20. Mother told me she hoped I had already stopped smoking.

21. She asked Tim if his cold was any better that day.

22. Ann said she was not sure which profession to choose.

23. The stewardess said the airlines had a comfortable cabin.

24. Michael said he had been to Rio twice.

25. Mother said she was afraid we hadn"t got any fish for our cat.

1. "What shall we do with Tom?" asked Nick. "He will not finish his work himself". "I think we can help him",said Mike.

2. "Where is my magazine, Alice?" asked mother. "I have put it on the table", said Alice.

3. "Don"t draw in your books!" the librarian said to children. The children answered: "We will keep our books clean".

4. " I can"t do this task myself", said my brother. "Ask your friend to help you", I said to him.

5. "Have you finished your exams, Dan?" said Julia. "I finished them a week ago", said Dan.

6. "Are you hungry?" said Ann to us. "No, we have just had lunch", we said.

7. "Why didn"t Ben take any money with him?" said his father. "He was in a hurry", we said.

8. "Where is Peter?" said Alec. "He has been doing military service already for five months", said we.

9. "Why are you so angry?" she said to me. "I can"t find my purse", I said.

10. He asked Tracy: "Have you ever been to Australia?" - "I want to go there next year", said Tracy.

11. "When will you phone again?" she asked him. "I don"t know exactly", he said.

12. "Are you allergic to oranges?" said the doctor. "I"m afraid I am", said the patient.

13. "Don"t you think this play is boring?" said Gail. "I agree with you", said Ben.

14. "What is the secret of your success?" the woman said to Jane. "I always work hard", said Jane.

15. "Why did you damage your eyes?" asked Nick. I said to him: "I worked too long at the computer screen".

1. Мама сказала мне, что моя сестра пошла в медицинский центр.

2. Когда мой друг пришел ко мне, он спросил, почему меня не было в школе.

3. Том спросил своего двоюродного брата, занят ли он и сможет ли он поговорить с ним.

4. Учитель спросил Анну, почему она не выучила стихотворение.

5. Я спросил своих родителей, кто прислал нам эту телеграмму.

6. Дедушка попросил внука закрыть окно, потому что в комнате холодно.

7. Он сказал мне, что хочет пить и попросил принести сок.

1. Laura said: "I go to bed at eleven but I"m never asleep before midnight".

2. The man asked us: "Is there a post office near here?"

3. Father asked: "Adam, have we got any eggs?" Adam said: "I don"t think so".

4. Ann said: "I"m a nurse at the hospital. I"m on night duty at the moment".

5. I said to James: "There is something wrong with the lock". - "No, there isn"t. I"ll show you", said he.

6. Michael asked Jane: "How many times have you seen this film?" Jane said: "I"ve seen it three times".

7. The pupil said to his teacher: "I can"t answer this question as it"s too difficult". - "I can explain it to you", said the teacher.

8. "Don"t forget to send a telegram to your granny", said my mother. "I"ve already sent it", said I.

9. Why don"t you go to bed?" asked his wife. "I want to see a new film", he said.

10. "Is your brother still sleeping?" she asked Nick. "No, he is taking a shower", said Nick.

11. "What will you be doing at ten o"clock on Friday?" asked Ben. "I think I will be having breakfast", said Mike.

12. "Don"t forget to phone Clare", Alec said to Ann. "I"m going to phone her at five o"clock", said Ann.

13. "Let"s go to the theatre next week", said Alec. "With pleasure", said Laura.

14. "I can"t go for a walk with you because I will be very busy", she said to me.

15. "Let"s take them to see the houses of Parliament", said Peter. "All right", said Jane. "Let"s do it in the evening".

16. "Will you go to England for summer with us?" my parents said to me. "I don"t want to spend summer there", said I.

17. "Let"s invite Lisa to the party", said Clare. "I think it"s a very good idea", said Bob.

18. "Bob is working in the garden. Let"s help him?" said Mike. "He can do it himself", we said.

19. "Let"s go to the park", said Joe. "I don"t think it"s a good suggestion as it"s raining heavily", said Tony.

20. "Let"s get a job at the college", said Peter. "All, right", said Bob.

21. "Let"s start learning Chinese", said Barry. "Ok, I"ve always wanted to learn it", said Sandra.

22. "Will you take this brown sweater, Lisa?" said Joe. "No, I won"t", said Lisa.

23. She said: "Can you come and see me today?" - "I"m afraid I can"t", said Lisa.

24. They said: "We have forgotten to phone our friend".

25. "I"m going to the cinema straight from work. Will you go with me?" said Barry. "No, I seen this film twice", said Ann.

26. The girl asked: "How much does this dress cost?"

27. My sister said: "If you need my dictionary, I can give it to you". - "No, thank you", I said. "I"ve got mine".

28. "Please, help me with the dishes", said mother. "All right", said Kate.

29. "Let stay at home", said my brother. "My favourite TV programme is on".

30. The old man said to me: "What do you think, the weather will be like tomorrow?"

1. They said: "We have forgotten to phone our friend".

2. "I"m going to the cinema straight from work. Will you go with me?" Barry said to Ann.

3. "What will you be doing at ten o"clock on Friday?" asked Ben. "I think I will be having breakfast", said Mike.

4. The man asked us: "Is there a post office near here?"

5. "Where is my magazine, Alice?" asked mother. "I have put it on the table", said Alice.

6. "I won"t do it until they give me some money", said the boy.

7. "Don"t smoke in the compartment", said the passenger.

8. Rita said to me: "What has mother told you to do today?"

9. "Which of you is free now?" asked the teacher.

10. "I think she works in a bank", said Andrew.

11. Helen said to me: "I know they"re your best friends".

12. "I met your sister in the street yesterday", she said to Johnny.

13. Eric said to me: "Come and have a look at my new bike".

14. He said to me: "Where was Chris going when you met him?"

15. The doctor said to his patient: "How are you feeling now?"

16. Когда мой друг пришел ко мне, он спросил, почему меня не было в школе.

17. Том спросил своего двоюродного брата, занят ли он и сможет ли он поговорить с ним.

18. Я спросил своих родителей, кто прислал нам эту телеграмму.

19. Дедушка попросил внука закрыть окно, потому что в комнате холодно.

20. Он сказал мне, что хочет пить и попросил принести сок.

21. My friend asked me how long I had known Ann.

22. George said he didn"t want to catch cold and stay at home.

23. She asked Tom where he had left his umbrella.

24. They told me they had been waiting for me for twenty minutes.

25. I asked my friend what time he was going home.

Очень часто в речи нам нужно передать чьи-либо слова (кто-то что-то сказал), и зачастую мы это делаем своими собственными словами, избегая прямой речи. Как мы это делаем? Очень просто, мы превращаем её в придаточное предложение.

John said, «I want to get a new job». – Джон сказал: «Я хочу получить новую работу».
John said (that) he wanted to get a new job. – Джон сказал, что он хочет получить новую работу.

О том, как это сделать корректно мы и будем говорить далее.

В английском языке есть ряд особенностей, которые следует учитывать при изменении прямой речи в косвенную.

Для того чтобы перевести прямую речь в косвенную, нужно опустить запятую после слов, вводящих прямую речь, и кавычки. Часто косвенная речь в английском языке вводится союзом that , который, впрочем, может быть опущен (именно поэтому мы поставили слово that в скобки в примере выше).

Вы должны были обратить внимание, что у нас изменилась временная категория (I want на I wanted ), подобное явление в английском языке называется согласование времён (это зависимость времени глагола в придаточном предложении от времени глагола в главном).

В таблице ниже Вы сможете увидеть все случаи подобных трансформаций.

Если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, то сказуемое придаточного будет стоять в том самом времени, которое было в прямой речи.

Немного сложнее ситуация, если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, здесь как раз и вступает в силу те самые правила согласования времён.

Важно также помнить, что кроме самих глаголов при согласовании времен нам нужно учитывать и изменение наречий и местоимений .

Личные и притяжательные местоимения

Olga said, «I will give you back your book». – Ольга сказала: «Я отдам тебе твою книгу».
Olga said (that) she would give me back my book. – Ольга сказала, что она отдаст мне мою книгу.

Вы не можете сказать:

you back your book. – Ольга сказала мне, что она отдаст тебе твою книгу.

а, как и в русском, Вы скажете:

Olga said that she would give me back my book. – Ольга отдаст мне мою книгу.

Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места

То есть при переводе в косвенную речь нашей фразы:

Richard said, «I went to my parents yesterday ». – Ричард сказал: «Вчера я ездил к моим родителям».

Мы получим:

Richard said (that) he had gone to his parents the day before . – Ричард сказал, что вчера ездил к своим родителям.

Ещё пример:

She said, «I saw this film last night ». – Она сказала: «Я видела этот фильм прошлой ночью».
She said (that) she had seen that film the previous night . – Она сказала, что видела тот фильм предыдущей ночью.

Модальные глаголы

Вам также пригодится информация о том, как ведут себя модальные глаголы при переходе из прямой в косвенную речь.

Mike said, «I can cook this dish». – Майк сказал: «Я могу приготовить это блюдо».
Mike said (that) he could cook that dish. – Майк сказал, что он может приготовить то блюдо.

She said, «I could go to school». – Она сказала: «Я могла пойти в школу».
She said (that) she could go to school. – Она сказала, что могла пойти в школу.

Условные предложения

Иногда нам также нужно переделать условные предложения в косвенную речь.

I тип условного предложения меняется по правилам согласования времён.

If the weather is fine, I will go outside. – Если погода будет хорошая, я пойду на улицу.
He said if the weather was fine, he would go outside. – Он сказал, что если погода будет хорошей, то он пойдёт на улицу.

Условные предложения II и III типа не меняют свою форму.

II тип:

If the weather were fine, I would go outside. – Если бы погода была хорошая, я бы пошёл на улицу.
I said if the weather were fine, I would go outside. – Я сказал, что если бы погода была хорошая, то я бы пошла на улицу.

III тип:

If the weather had been fine yesterday, I would have gone outside. – Если бы погода была хорошая вчера, то я бы вышел на улицу.
I said if the weather had been fine, I would have gone outside. – Я сказал, что если бы погода была хорошая вчера, то я бы вышел на улицу.

Вопрос в прямой речи

Теперь такой момент, допустим у Вас есть вопрос в прямой речи , который нужно перенести в косвенную речь.

В отличие от вопроса в прямой речи, где в большинстве случаев существует обратный порядок слов (кроме вопросов к подлежащему) – перед подлежащим стоит сказуемое или его часть,

вопросы в косвенной речи имеют структуру повествовательного предложения, т.е. прямой порядок слов (подлежащее, за ним сказуемое)

Знак вопроса в конце такого предложения отсутствует, вспомогательный глагол to do в Present и Past Indefinite не употребляется.

She asked me, «When did you see me?» – Она меня спросила: «Когда ты меня видела?»
She asked me when I had seen her . – Она меня спросила, когда я её видела.

He asked me, «Who showed you my notes?» – Он меня спросил: «Кто показал тебе мои записи?»
He asked me who had shown me his notes. – Он меня спросил о том, кто показал мне его записи.

Тут мы видим вопрос к подлежащему, и здесь вообще нет вспомогательного глагола.

Общие вопросы заменяются придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется к главному при помощи союзов if и whether , имеющих значение частицы ли. Запятая не ставится.

She asked me, «Do you know my husband?» – Она меня спросила: «Ты знаешь моего мужа?»
She asked if (whether) I knew her husband. – Она меня спросила, знаю ли я её мужа.

Повелительное наклонение

И последний случай, с которым Вы можете столкнуться в этой теме – это преобразование повелительного наклонения . В косвенной речи повелительное наклонение заменяется инфинитивом.

He said to me, «Open the window». – Он мне сказал: «Открой окно».
He asked me to open the window. – Он попросил открыть окно.

Если прямая речь выражает приказ , тогда мы заменяем глагол to say (сказать) на to tell (велеть, сказать) или to order (приказывать) . Если прямая речь выражает просьбу, тогда глагол to say мы заменяем на to ask (просить)

She said to me , «Give me a pen». – Она сказала: «Дай мне ручку».
She told me to give her a pen. – Она мне сказала дать ей ручку.

Что касается отрицательной формы, в косвенной речи в повелительном наклонении отрицание заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .

James said to her, «Don"t go». – Джеймс ей сказал: «Не уходи».
James asked her not to go . – Джеймс попросил её не уходить.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

Must меняется на had to

Can на could

Shall на should

Will на would

Для лучшего усвоения рассмотрим следующие примеры:

‘We must go to school to class.’ - They said they had to go school to class.

‘I can’t paint picture.’ - She said she couldn’t paint picture.

‘I will see my mother soon.’ - He said he would see his mom soon.

‘I shall buy the bread.’ - She said she should buy the bread.

Слова, употребляемые в прямой речи, могут меняться при использовании косвенной следующим образом:

Ago – previously, before;

Yesterday – the day before;

Today – that day;

That/this – the;

On/next Friday – the following Friday;

Last month – the previous month;

The day after tomorrow – in two days’ time;

This weekend – that weekend;

Here – there;

Tomorrow – the following day / the next day;

Tonight – that night;

Рассмотрим изменение слов на примере предложений

‘I`ll drink milk tomorrow.’ – He said he`d drink milk the next day.

‘I saw Mr. Freeman today.’ - She said she’d seen Mr. Freeman that day.

‘I don`t like this lesson.’ - He said he didn`t like that lesson.

‘I met Andy about two weeks ago.’ - She said she had met Andy about two weeks before.

‘We visited our grandparents last Monday.’ - They said they had visited their grandparents the previous Monday.

Безусловно, нельзя заменять слова подобным образом во всех предложениях. Подобная замена имеет место только там, где она уместна и подходит по смыслу.

Так, например, рассмотрим предложение: She said, ‘I like to live here.’ Предположим, что она говорит о Лондоне. В косвенной речи ее слова можно передать по-разному:

She said she liked to live there – она говорит, что ей нравится жить там. (Соответственно предполагается, что вы сами не проживаете в Лондоне)

She said she liked to live here – она говорит, что ей нравится жить здесь. (Получается, что и вы проживаете, или на данный момент находитесь в этом городе)

На одном простом примере становится понятно, что переводя прямую речь в косвенную, просто необходимо обращать внимание на внешние обстоятельства и уже затем делать выводы, уместным ли будет то или иное слово или фраза.

При образовании косвенной речи из прямой, такие глаголы как ought to (должны), would, might, could, should – не изменяются.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ С WH–ВОПРОСАМИ.

Следует сразу отметить что wh–вопросы , это те, которые начинаются со следующих слов: Why, Where, Who, When, What и другие, начинающиеся на буквы wh.

Следует отметить, что большое количество вопросов в косвенной речи, начинается после основного глагола, который употребляется в прошедшем времени (Past Tense). Что же касается самого вопроса, то время в нем изменяется согласно вышеуказанным правилам образования времен.

Порядок расстановки слов в вопросах, которые относятся к косвенной речи, меняется:

‘What`s the time?’ - She asked what time it was. – правильносформулированноепредложение.

Неправильнобудеттак: She asked what was the time.

«How’s your grandmother? » - He asked me how my mother was. - правильнаярасстановкаслов.

Неправильныйвариант: He asked me how was my mother.

Глагол «to ask» (спросить), применяется в косвенной речи как с объектом, так и без него:

He asked me how my mom was.

He asked how my mom was.

Приведем еще несколько примеров для закрепления этого материала:

‘How did you get to home?’ - He asked how I had got to home.

‘Where do you live?’ - The friend wanted to know where I lived.

‘Why are you so early?’ - The doctor demanded to know why I was so early.

IF И WHETHER ПРИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

If и whether в косвенной речи употребляются только с общими вопросами (не с wh–вопросами), на которые могут быть только два ответа: нет или да.

При построении общих вопросов, используются все вышеуказанные правила, касающиеся согласования времен.

Whether, как и If, в английском языке обозначает частицу «ли».

Стоит отметить, что порядок слов в общих вопросах косвенной речи меняется, например:

‘Are you tired?’ - She asked if I was tired. (Она спросила, была ли я уставшая).

‘Did you read the book?’ - He asked whether I had read the book.(Онспросилменя, читаллияэтукнигу).

‘Have you finished your job?’ - He asked if I had finished my job. (Он спросил, закончила ли я свою работу).

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМАНД (ПРИКАЗОВ) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

При приказе (команде) в косвенной речи употребляется сначала основной глагол, затем объект и инфинитив:

‘Stop!’ - She told the student to stop.

‘Break!’ - He told the boxer to break.

Что же касается отрицательной формы, то порядок слов тот же, за исключением того что перед инфинитивом ставится частичка «not». Например:

‘Don`t sleep here!’ - The teacher ordered the student not to sleep there.

‘Don`t go!’ - She told him not to go.

Tell, warn, instruct, order, command– основные глаголы, которые чаще всего встречаются в приказах косвенной речи.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРОСЬБЫ (ЗАПРОСА) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ.

Предложения. в которых мы употребляем запрос, несут в себе обращение к человеку с просьбой о чем-либо.

Would и could – слова, с которых начинаются запросы в прямой речи.

To ask (просить, спрашивать) – основной глагол, с которого, как правило, начинается запрос в косвенной речи.

‘Would you close the window, please?’ - He asked me to close the window. .

‘Could you pour me water, please?’ – He asked me to pour him water.

Но! Следует обратить внимание на то, что ни в коем случае нельзя путать просьбу с приказом, иначе вас могут неправильно понять.

Например:

He told me to give him the book – онвелелмнеотдатьемукнигу;

He asked me to give him the book – онпопросилменядатьемукнигу.

Помимо того, что необходимо различать приказ от просьбы, еще необходимо различать предложение от просьбы.

Так, например, предложение будет звучать следующим образом:

‘Would you like a cake? » – He asked if I would like a cake. («Хочешь пирог?» - он спросил, хочу ли я пирога).

Просьба же будет звучать чуть иначе:

«Would you pass me a cake?» – He asked me to pass him a cake.(«Можете передать мне пирог?» - он попросил меня передать ему пирог).

Найдите одно предложение с косвенной речью, в котором нет ошибок. Исправьтеошибкивостальныхпредложениях.

1. Mike told the policeman that he lost his identity card.

2. Jane said to Dick that Julia doesn’t live next to her.

3. She told the detective that she sees the thief in the house.

4. He said that he ate nothing since morning.

5. My girlfriend told me that she felt very bad, and she had a headache.

6. Tom’s boss said to him that he hasn’t done the work properly.

7. Anna said that she doesn’t want to wear her old dress.

8. Her brother told her that they will have plenty of time to do their work

Упражнения на отработку и закрепление косвенной речи в английском языке

Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи. Обратите внимание, какие предложения являются утвердительными, вопросительными или повелительными, всегда ли надо изменять время глагола в придаточном предложении.

1. He said, "I like this song." He said __________.

2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me. She asked me __________.

3. "I don"t speak Italian," she said. She said __________.

4. "Say hello to Jim," they said. They asked me __________.

5. "The film began at seven o"clock," he said. He said __________.

6. "Don"t play on the grass, boys," she said. She told the boys __________.

7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. She asked him __________.

8. "I never make mistakes," he said. He said __________.

9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. He wanted to know __________.

10. "Don"t try this at home," the stuntman told the audience. The stuntman advised the audience __________.

11. "I was very tired," she said. She said __________.

12. "Be careful, Ben," she said. She told Ben __________.

13. "I will get myself a drink," she says. She says __________.

14. "Why haven"t you phoned me?" he asked me. He wondered __________.

15. "I cannot drive them home," he said. He said __________.

16. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. She asks Peter __________.

17. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me. She asked me __________.

18. He said, "Don"t go too far." He advised her __________.

19. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us. He wanted to know __________.

20. "Don"t make so much noise," he says. He asks us ___________ .

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 5. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 6. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermit­age. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found out that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 10. We found out that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had received an ex­cellent mark at school, he was very pleased.

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing.7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took a lot of colour photographs while travelling in-the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложе­ния от времени главного.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. He says they have made good progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interest­ing things about his travels in the south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St Petersburg from the United States of America. 7. H е says they have not been in their beloved city for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write him a letter when they return home.

Раскройте скобки , выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was play­ing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I Was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro sta­tion and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Употребите следующие предложения как прида­точные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии с правилом согласования времен.

1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) 3. She never drinks milk. (I was told). 4. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 5. They live a happy life. (We knew) 6. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 8. Father has-repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. She knows English very well. (I supposed) 10. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 11. He does not know German at all. (I found out) 12. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 13. He works on his English hard. (I knew) 14. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told) 15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) 17. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)

1. Я знала, что Аня работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она счастлива. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 3. Мы ре­шили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Сестра сказала, что хочет приехать к нам сама.5. Я знала, что она очень занята. 6. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в дом. 7. Гид предупредил нас, что в той части города движение довольно сильное. 8. Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает.9. Все мы знали, что их семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Лена сказала, что она дарит нам ту картину. 11. Она сказала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 12. Он сказал, что любит ту пьесу. 13. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо. 14. Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец - профессор и живет в Москве

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая прави­ло согласования времен.

1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4.Язнал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 7.Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья из Лондона прислали письмо. 14.Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала «Травиату».

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая прави­ло согласования времен.

1. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 2. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой - его любимый писатель. 3. Я знал, что вы живете в Москве, но не знал вашего адреса. 4. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 5. Все знали, что она поедет в Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся ар­тистом. 9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету. 10. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читальном зале. 11. Я думал, что он подождет меня. 12. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад.13. Андрей сказал нам, что, когда он вошел в комнату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газету. 14. Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет. 15. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется конференция. 16. Я был уверен, что, если мы поспешим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17. Он спросил меня, что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю, буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что, если буду свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.

1. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” my friend said to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.” 3. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate. 4. “Take this book and read it,” said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, “Don’t go for a walk today.” 6. “Don’t eat too much ice cream,” Nick’s mother said to him. 7. “Go home,” the teacher said to us. 8. “Buy some meat in the shop,” my mother said to me. 9. “Sit down at the table and do your homework,” my mother said to me. 10. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said granny to Helen. 11. “Don ’t sit up late ,” said the doctor to Mary .

Передайте следующие повелительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

The teacher said to me, “Hand this note to your parents, please.” 2 . Oleg said to his sister, “Put the letter in an envelope and give it to Kate.” 3 . “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert . 4. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. 5 . “Don’t worry over such a small thing,” she said to me. 6 . “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend. 7 . “Promise to come and see me,” said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us, “Come here tomorrow.” 9 . I said to Mike, “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.” 10. Father said to me, “Don’t stay there long.” 11 . Peter said to them, “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” 12. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. 13 . He said to me, “Ring me up tomor­row.” 14 . “Bring me a cup of black coffee,” she said to the waiter. 15 . “Don’t be late for dinner,” mother said to us. 16 . Jane said to us, “Please tell me all you know about it.” 17. She said to Nick, “Please don’t say anything about it to your sister.

1.Oleg said, “My room is on the second floor.” 2. He said, “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St Petersburg.” 3. Misha said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.” 4. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 6. Tom said, “I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry.” 7. He said, “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” 8. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me. 9. Mike said, “I spoke to Mr Brown this morn­ing.” 10. He said to her, “I shall do it today if I have time.” 11. I said to them, “I can give you my uncle’s address.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here.” 2. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.” 3. She said to me, “Now I can read your translation.” 4. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. 5. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” my classmate said to me. 6. The teacher said to the class, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.” 7. Our teacher said, “Thackeray’s novels are very interesting.” 8. She said, “You will read this book in the 9th form.”9. Nellie said, “I read ‘Jane Eyre’ last year.” 10. “My friend lives in Moscow,” said Alec. 11. “You have not done your work well,” the teach­er said to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man, “My horse is wild. It can kill your horse.” 13. The rich man said to the judge, “This man’s horse has killed my horse.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

Masha said, “I usually spend my holidays in іthe south.”2. She said, “I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year.” 3. Boris said, “I go to the south every year.”4. Не said, “I am going to a ski resort tomorrow.” 5. Ann said to us, “They haven’t come yet.” 6. She said to us, “They arrived in St Peters­burg yesterday.” 7. I said, “I have been in London for a fortnight’s holiday. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my leisure time with them.” 8. Nick said, “I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year.” 9. He said, “I shall not stay with my friends too long.” 10. He said to me, “They are stay­ing at the Grand Hotel Europe.” 11. He said, “They are leaving next Monday.” 12. The clerk said to them, “You can leave the key with the maid upstairs.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

The mother said, “The children are in the nur­sery, doctor.” 2. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 3. “You speak English very well,” the woman said to me. 4. My brother said to me, “I am going to become a doctor.” 5. My uncle said to us, “I buy several newspapers every day.” 6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we shall have six hours of English a week.” 7. He said to me, “I want to see you today.” 8. She said, “I am free tonight”. 9. Mother said to me, “I feel bad to­day.”10. The pupil said to the teacher, “I can do my homework after dinner.” 11. The teacher said to Jack, “You work hard, I know. You are a good boy.” 12. The old man said to the girl, “You can sing per­fectly. I think you will be a famous singer.” 13. My sister said to me, “You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recov­ered after your illness.” 14. “You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty,” my guest said to met 15. The student said, “I can’t answer this question. I don’t understand it.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные предло­жения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое суще­ствительное или местоимение в роли подлежащего главного предложения.

I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I’ll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here early today. 10. It’s a pity you didn’t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at our school tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I’ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today’s newspaper. 16. It’s not funny if there is no money, sonny.

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

“When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you,” I said to my grandmother. 2. “If you are in a hurry, we shall only do the first experiment,” the laboratory assistant said to me. 3. “I shan’t start anything new until I have finished this novel,” said the writer to the corre­spondent. 4. “When I get a job, I’ll buy you a warm coat,” said the boy’s father. 5. “If you spill the milk, there won’t be any for the cat,” my mother said to me. 6. “When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress,” she said to me. 7. “If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening,” said Jane to Henry. 8. “Don’t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball,” said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. “As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary,” said Mary to her mother.

Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch a cold. 6. She told me she had caught a cold. 7. He said that while crossing the En­glish Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day.10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a seaside resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в кос­венной речи.

I said to Nick, “Where are you going?” 2. I said to him, “How long are you going to stay there?” 3. I said to him, “How long will it take you to get there?” 4. He said to her, “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?” 5. Ann said to Mike, “When did you leave London?” 6. She said to Boris, “When will you be back home?” 7. Boris said to them, “How can I get to the railway station?” 8. Mary asked Tom, “What time will you come here tomor­row?” 9. She asked me, “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 10. She asked me, “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?” 11. Pete said to his friends, “When are you leaving St Petersburg?” 12. He said to them, “Who will you see before you leave the city?” 13. They said to him, “What time does the train leave?” 14. I asked Mike, “What will you do after dinner?” 15. I asked my uncle, “How long did you stay in the Crimea?” 16. Mother said to me, “Who has brought this par­cel?” 17. Ada said to me, “Where did you see such trees?” 18. I said to Becky , “What kind of book has your friend brought you ?”

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в кос­венной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody…) 2. Where has he gone? (Did you know…) 3. Where is he? (Did you know…) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…) 5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew…) 6. When will he come back? (She asked them…) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…) 9. Where did I put the book? (I forgot…) 10. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…) 11. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me…) 12. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He won­dered…)

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

I said to Boris, “Does your friend live in Lon­don?” 2. They said to the mam, “Are you living in a hotel?” 3. He said to his friend, “Will you stay at the Hilton?” 4. He said to me, “Do you often go to see your friends?” 5. He said to me, “Will you see your friends before you leave St Petersburg?” 6. Mike said to Jane, “Will you come to the railway station to see me off?” 7. She said to me, “Have you sent them an e-mail?” 8. She said to me, “Did you send them an e-mail yesterday?” 9. I said to Mike, “Have you packed your suitcase?” 10. I said to Kate, “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 11. I said to her, “Can you give me their address?” 12. I asked Tom, “Have you had breakfast?” 13. I asked my sister, “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after din­ner?” 14. I said to my mother, “Did anybody come to see me?” 15. I asked my sister, “Will Nick call for you on the way to school?” 16. She said to the young man, “Can you call a taxi for me?” 17. Mary said to Peter, “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 18. Oleg said to me, “Will you come here tomorrow?” 19. He said to us, “Did you go to the museum this morning?”

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

Have they sold the picture? (I did not know…) 2. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered…) 3. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me…) 4. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure…) 5. Have you found the book? (She asked me…) 6. Are there any more books here? (The man asked…) 7. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know…) 8. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her…) 9. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted…) 10. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked…)

Передайте следующие вопросительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

Kate said, “Mike, do you like my dress?” 2. Grandfather said to Mary, “What mark did you get at school?” 3. My sister said to me, “Will you take me to the theatre with you tomorrow?” 4. Moth­er asked me, “Did you play with your friends yes­terday?” 5. “Why don’t you play with your friends, Kate?” said her mother. 6. “Do you like chocolates?” my little sister said to me. 7. “Did you see your granny yesterday, Lena?” asked Mr Brown. 8. The doctor asked Nick, “Do you wash your face and hands every morning?” 9. The teacher said to Mike, “Does your father work at a factory?” 10. Mother said to us, “What are you doing here?” 11. Father said to Nick, “Have you done your homework?” 12. Tom said , “Ann , where are your friends ?”

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих пред­ложениях.

I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a head­ache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 6. I asked the man how long he had been in St Peters­burg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a ski resort in Colorado. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.

“Do you like my pies, Ann?” asked her grand­mother. 2. “Stop shouting and do your home­work,” Tom’s mother said to him. 3. “What did you do at school yesterday, John?” said his father. 4. “Will you play the piano today, Helen?” asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, “We shall visit you next week.” 6. “Don’t cross the street when the lights are red,” said the man to Nick. 7. “I borrowed a very good book from our library yesterday,” said Mike to his fa­ther. 8. “Come to my house tomorrow, Jane,” said Lena. 9. “Where are your books, Betsy?” said her mother.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

“Lock the door when you leave the house,” my elder sister said to me. 2. “Have you received a telegram from your wife?” she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, “Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight.” 4. “Please don’t smoke in the room,” said the old woman to her nephew. 5. “I am shivering with cold,” said the girl.6.“I want to sit in the armchair,” said the boy. 7. The secretary said to me, “The delegation arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 8. “Open the window, please,” she said to me. 9. He said, “I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast.” 10. “Don’t run to the door when you hear the bell,” said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked me, “How long are you going to stay here?” 12. Mary asked me, “Will you spend your holidays in Moscow?”

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Father said to Jane, “Show me your exercise book.” 2. “What game are you playing here, boys?” said Kate’s aunt. 3. “Don’t make noise,” Tom’s mother said to him. 4. Helen said to Pete, “Did you play chess with your father yesterday?” 5. Kate said to her grandmother, “Help me (to) cook the soup, please.” 6. Mike said to the teacher, “My sister knows two foreign languages.” 7. Tom said to his sister, “I saw your friend at the library yesterday.” 8.“What have you prepared for today, children?” said the teacher. 9. The teacher said to the pupils, “Don’t open your books.” 10. Mother said to me, “You will go to the cinema tomorrow.”

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

“Tom, go to bed,” said his mother. 2. “I have never seen your toys,” said Nellie to Pete. 3. “Give me your French book, Nick,” said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena, “Look at my nice kitten.” 5. “We shall go to the zoo tomorrow,” said our grandmother. 6. Mother said to Pete, “Don’t forget to wash your hands.” 7. Nick said to his mother, “I am doing my homework.” 8. “I have learnt a long poem,” said Mike to the teacher. 9. “Don’t play in the street,” said the man to the boys. 10. “Why don’t you drink your tea?” my mother said to me. 11. “I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday,” said Johnny to his mother. 12. “When did you receive this letter?” my friend said to me. 13. “Will you play football with us?” said the boys to

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. “Why are you shouting, man?” said Prince John to Locksley. “What is your name?” 2. “Who has read ‘Ivanhoe’?” asked the teacher. “Whom was it written by?” 3. One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature, “What novels shall we read next year?” 4. “Is the river Volga in Russia?” asked the French­man. 5. “Are you playing volleyball, girls?” said Ann. “I did not know that you liked it.” 6. “Don’t touch these photographs,” said Peter to us. “They are still wet, and you may spoil them.” 7. “Does your friend often come here, boys?” said Fred. “I want to speak to him.” 8. “How did you manage to solve this difficult problem in such a short time?” my friend said to me. 9. The teacher said to us, “You will write a paper tomorrow.” 10. “I saw a new film yesterday,” said Kate to Nick. “Did you like it?” - asked Nick.

1. Закончите предложения в косвенной речи.

Например: Let me sing for you. (Разрешите мне спеть для вас.) – John offered to sing for me. (Джон предложил спеть для меня.)

1. “Why don’t you take some aspirin?” (Почему бы тебе не выпить аспирин?) – He suggested …. (Он предложил …)

2. “You should never tell lies.” (Нельзя говорить неправду.) – Mary taught us … (Мэри учила нас …

3. “I will not swim so far.” (Я не поплыву так далеко.) – He refused … (Он отказался …)

4. “Please don’t shout at me.” (Пожалуйста, не кричи на меня.) – Kate begged … (Кэйт умоляла …)

5. “Put some mushrooms in the soup.” (Добавь немного грибов в суп.) – Father told … (Папа сказал …)

6. “Could you wash up after our dinner?” (Ты не мог бы помыть посуду после нашего ужина?) – She asked … (Она попросила …)

2. Преобразуйте общие вопросы в косвенную речь, обращая особое внимание на времена.

Например: Can I have some pocket money? (Можно мне немного карманных денег?) – His son asked if he could have some pocket money. (Его сын спросил, можно ли ему немного карманных денег.)

1. Do you live in Brazil? (Ты живешь в Бразилии?) – They asked her …

2. Is Johnny dancing rock-n-roll? (Джонни танцует рок-н-ролл?) – She wondered …

3. Are they angry with him? (Они на него злятся?) – We wanted to know ..

4. Has Lara finished her lunch? (Лара закончила обедать?) – I asked …

5. Will she show me her paintings? (Она покажет мне свои картины?) – He wondered …

6. Did you work as a sales assistant? (Ты работал продавцом?) – I asked him …

7. Can I go to the playground? (Можно мне пойти на игровую площадку?) – My niece asked me …

8. Does Mike produce dairy products? (Майк производит молочные продукты?) – They wondered …

3. Преобразуйте специальные вопросы в косвенную речь.

Например: Where did you buy such a lovely dress? (Где ты купила такое красивое платье?) – I asked my mother where she had bought such a lovely dress. (Я спросила маму, где она купила такое красивое платье.)

1. How far is the hospital? (Как далеко находится больница?) – She wanted to know ..

2. Where are they? (Где они находятся?) – I asked …

3. Why were the kids frightened? (Почему дети были напуганы?) – He wondered …

4. When can I call you back? (Когда я могу тебе перезвонить?) – I asked her …

5. Which boat did Tom choose? (Какую лодку выбрал Том?) – We wondered …

6. How often do you load the paper into the tray? (Как часто ты загружаешь бумагу в лоток?) – She asked him …

7. When will the ceremony start? (Когда начнется церемония?) – I wanted to know …

8. How many fish has he caught? (Сколько рыбы он поймал?) – We wondered …

9. Why did you play a trick on her? (Зачем ты над ней подшутил?) – I asked him …

10. What does she sell in the market? (Что она продает на рынке?) – They asked …

Ответы:

1.
1. He suggested I should take some aspirin.
2. Mary taught us not to tell lies.
3. He refused to swim so far.
4. Kate begged not to shout at her.
5. Father told to put some mushrooms in the soup.
6. She asked to wash up after their dinner.

2.
1. They asked her if she lived in Brazil.
2. She wondered if Johnny was dancing rock-n-roll.
3. We wanted to know if they were angry with him.
4. I asked if Lara had finished her lunch.
5. He wondered if she would show him her paintings.
6. I asked him if he had worked as a sales assistant.
7. My niece asked me if she could go to the playground.
8. They wondered if Mike produced dairy products.

3.
1. She wanted to know how far the hospital was.
2. I asked where they were.
3. He wondered why the kids had been frightened.
4. I asked her when I could call her back.
5. We wondered which boat Tom had chosen.
6. She asked him how often he loaded the paper into the tray.
7. I wanted to know when the ceremony would start.
8. We wondered how many fish he had caught.
9. I asked him why he had played a trick on her.
10. They asked what she sold in the market.

Чтобы понять, что такое косвенная речь в английской грамматике, нужно разобраться для начала с тем, что собой представляет прямая речь.

Прямая речь — это фраза какого-либо субъекта, она звучит непосредственно из первых уст и заключается письменно в кавычки

Прямая речь представляет собой отдельное предложение, поэтому после того как открываем кавычки, первое слово пишем с прописной буквы. В английском языке после слов, указывающих кто говорит, ставится запятая. В то время как в русском мы ставим двоеточие:

• Он сказал: «Я верну твою книгу завтра».

He said, «I will return your book tomorrow.»

Косвенная речь является способом передачи слов, сказанных другим человеком, при этом передающий преобразует чужие слова грамматически и по смыслу, чтобы было понятно, кому они принадлежат, сохраняя при этом общее содержание сказанного.

• Он сказал, что вернет мою книгу на следующий день.

He said that he would return my book the next day. Секреты английской косвенной речи

Косвенная речь — преобразованная прямая

В повествовательных предложениях английского языка происходит ряд изменении при превращении прямой речи в косвенную:

1. После слов, которые вводят фразу автора, запятая уже не ставится
2. После вводных слов ставится союз that (что), иногда можно обойтись без него
3. Если в вводных словах есть глагол to say (сказать), он заменяется на to tell (сказать), если после него следует дополнение, указывающее кому фраза адресуется

Следующая таблица с наглядными примерами поможет понять правила, что перечислены выше.

Главные предложения — это именно те вводные слова, такие как «Люк сказал», «она утверждает», «родители ответили» и т. д. Они сохраняют свою временную форму:

• Present Indefinite (Настоящее Простое)
• Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное)
• Future Indefinite (Будущее Простое), даже будучи частью косвенной речи

Таблица с примерами опять же поможет вам уяснить данное правило

Постепенно мы подошли к важному моменту грамматики, который необходимо разобрать для понимания, как образуется косвенная речь в английском языке. Я имею виду правила согласования времен английского языка в косвенной речи. Следующая таблица передает принцип перехода времен (в верхней колонке — время, которое используется в прямой речи, в нижней колонке — время, которое нужно использовать в косвенной).

На примерах рассмотрим, как может измениться время при преобразовании речи.

1. Present Simple (Настоящее простое) -> Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое)
   • Nick said, «I learn English.» — Ник сказал: «Я учу английский.»
   • Nick said that he learnt English. — Ник сказал, что он учит английский
2. Present Progressive (Настоящее Длительное) -> Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное)
   • Leonardo said, «I am reading the book now.» — Леонардо сказал: «Я читаю книгу сейчас.»
   • Leonardo said that he was reading the book then. — Леонардо сказал, что он читает книгу сейчас
3. Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
   • Angelina said, «I have seen him this morning.» — Анжелина сказала: «Я видела его этим утром.»
   • Angelina said that she had seen him that morning. — Анжелина сказала, что она видела его этим утром
4. Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное) -> Past Progressive / Past Perfect Progressive (Прошедшее Совершенное Длительное)
   • Robert said, «I was swimming.» — Роберт сказал: «Я плавал.»
   • Robert said that he was swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал.
   • Robert said that he had been swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал
5. Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
   • Nina said, «I wrote the letters.» — Нина сказала: «Я писала письма.»
   • Nina said that she had written the letters. — Нина сказала, что она писала письма
6. Future Simple (Будущее Простое) -> Future in the Past (Будущее в Прошедшем)
   • Kate said, «I will find the solution of this problem." — Кейт сказала: «Я найду решение этой проблемы.»
   • Kate said that she would find the solution of this problem. — Кейт сказала, что найдет решение этой проблемы

Английская грамматика строго регламентирует употребление нужных в том или ином случае временных форм. Дело в том, что каждая из них имеет свои особенности, через которые очевидна информация о периоде совершения действия. При переводе на русский язык, эти тонкости не так ощутимы, ввиду того, что русская грамматика отлична от английской.

Необходимые модификации в вопросительных и повелительных предложениях

1. Косвенный вопрос отличается от обычного вопроса:
   • Имеет прямой порядок слов, то есть структуру подобную повествовательному предложению
   • Не требует вопросительного знака
   • Не нуждается в Present Simple и Past Simple во вспомогательном глаголе to do , который заменяется на if (ли)
     • Daniel said, «Do you want to walk?" — Даниил сказал: «Ты хочешь погулять?»
     • Daniel asked if I want to walk. — Даниил спросил, хочу ли я погулять
   • Правила согласования времен между главным и придаточным предложением остаются таким же, как и в повествовательного типа предложениях
   • Специальные вопросительные слова по-прежнему остаются в косвенной речи, помогая создать связь между главным и придаточным предложениями.
     • Bob asked me, «When did you meet her?» — Боб спросил: «Когда ты видел её?»
     • Bob asked me when I had met her. — Боб спросил, когда я её видел
2. Косвенные просьбы и приказания:
   • Используются такие вводные глаголы
     Для просьб:
     • to ask — просить
     • to beg — просить
     • to implore — умолять

     Для приказаний :

     • to tell — сказать, велеть, приказать
     • to order — приказывать
     • to allow — разрешать
   • После вводной части следует инфинитивная конструкция
     To + глагол
     Просьба :
     • Lisa says, «Be attentive, please!» — Лиза говорит: «Будь внимателен, пожалуйста!»
     • Lisa asks to be attentive. — Лиза попросит быть внимательным.

     Приказание:

     • Jack says, «Learn English!» — Джек говорит: «Учи английский!»
     • Jack tells to learn English. — Джек велит учить английский.
   • Если нужна отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения, следует перед инфинитивной конструкцией поставить частицу -not
     • Kim says, «Don"t talk so loudly!» — Ким говорит: «Не говори так громко!»
     • Kim orders not to talk so loudly. — Ким приказывает не говорить так громко

Проверочные упражнения