FORECAST FOR REDUCTION
Despite multidirectional migration flows, the population Far East continues to decline. According to the official forecast of Rosstat, in 2018 the population of the Far Eastern Federal District should decrease by 30 thousand people. In 2017, the negative migration balance amounted to 17 thousand people. In the coming years, according to the forecast, the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, as well as the Amur Region, will become leaders in the outflow of the population among the regions of Russia. It can be said that the efforts of the federal authorities to reverse the demographic trend and attract the population to the region so far have not brought the expected effect.
However, migration processes, as a rule, are not homogeneous. Abstract units in which flows of people coming and going from a region are measured can have different characteristics that are inherent in any person from a biological or social point of view - age, gender, marital status, level of education and income. Evaluation of migration processes from this point of view allows you to give a specific content to what is happening - and, in particular, to see what exactly is happening in the region, in which direction its population is changing.
One of these characteristics is the educational level of the population. The difference in the educational potentials of people coming and going from the region allows us to say a lot about how the Far East is developing - what niches are there for the qualitative development of the economy, which requires qualified, educated personnel. The same - if you look at the departure or arrival in the region of young people with different levels of education - you can understand how his young generation sees the prospects of the region in terms of arranging life and career.
"WASHING" YOUNG
Experts say that in general, educated youth, unfortunately, are “being washed out” of the region. But this process cannot be represented linearly. Some factors - in particular, changes in the university entrance procedure and the development of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), can affect the overall unfavorable trend.
"Incoming and outgoing migration flows in the Far East are significantly different: a significant part of those arriving in the Far East does not have higher education (this primarily concerns labor migrants from Central Asian countries), while a significant part of the population leaving the region has a higher education, "says Kirill Kolesnichenko, associate professor of the Department of Social and Psychological Sciences of the FEFU.
In his experience, the head of the department of demography talks about this. High school of modern social sciences Moscow State University Vladimir Iontsev: "Of all the guys from the Far East who studied and defended in Moscow whom I know, not a single one returned to the region. Skilled youth continues to leave the Far East." Vladimir Iontsev suggests that a recent reduction in the overall outflow of population from the Far East may be explained by the fact that the “small” generation - those born during the demographic failure of the 90s, which means that the number of those leaving expression should decline.
Deputy Head of the International Laboratory for Demography and Human Capital of the Institute of Applied Economic Research, RANEPA Sergey Shulgin notes that one of the highest migratory bursts is the age of graduation from a school and university in Russia. The same applies to the population of the Far East. At the same time, as a rule, those who entered universities in another region of Russia no longer return: “Studying at a high-quality university is a time of intensive development of social contacts. A student acquires contacts with both peers and potential employers, gets his first job. He is too wastefully throwing this new resource. " Therefore, as Shulgin explains, having moved to study in another region, a young man from the Far East is likely to remain in the study region. An exception may be those whose resources for successful employment are relatives living in the Far East.
Cyril Kolesnichenko, relying on studies conducted by FEFU, also indicates that in the case of studies in the Far East, qualified and talented students prefer to move to Central Russia. “We conducted sociological studies, including an analysis of the career paths of graduates of universities in the Far East. Based on these studies, some conclusions can be drawn. The decision to move to another region of Russia is made on the basis of a number of important factors, and the level of education plays an important role in this. quality education, graduates of Far Eastern universities can quite successfully compete in the labor market of Moscow or St. Petersburg, and since in many segments of the labor market wages in these cities are higher than those in the Far East, the possibility of higher earnings and prospects for rapid career growth are a significant incentive for young people to move to these cities. "
Thus, the metropolitan regions seem to be a more attractive goal for arranging a career for the sake of which you can risk the developed social ties. According to Kolesnichenko, such a decision is really fraught with risk. Moving to Moscow, as a rule, are forced to change 5-6 jobs within a year and a half to two years, and such jobs rarely turn out to be related to the specialty. As a result, some of those who left returned to the region.
DEPARTURE BY STEPS OR EGE FACTOR
Nevertheless, such a migration trajectory can hardly be considered a conscious and desirable choice in favor of the region. According to Kolesnichenko, some graduates use the current two-stage higher education system as a strategy for a painless arrangement in a new place. After graduating from the bachelor's program in the Far East, they enter the master's programs of the capital's universities and use two years of study in the master's program to gradually rotate into a new social environment.
However, the changes brought about by educational reforms recent yearsmay also work as a factor in redirecting part of the migration flows in favor of the Far East. Sergey Shulgin draws attention to this. And this is due, first of all, to the new mobility provided by the possibility of entering a university according to the results of the exam.
“Because of the Unified State Examination, the social norm is changing. If in the previous decade it sounded“ you must do it ”, now it takes the form“ you can do it anywhere. ”This is what“ opens ”universities of other regions to many graduates. Far East. By and large, it was the Unified State Examination that made it possible to implement a project of a federal university in the Far East that graduates from other regions can enter.
Kirill Kolesnichenko also notes the factor of the university for the migration paths of the Far East: “The creation of FEFU has a certain impact on migration flows. A lot of applicants come from FEFU from the regions of Siberia and the Far East, the central part of the country, today the geography of applicants includes more than 60 regions of the Russian Federation - "children get the opportunity to communicate directly with each other, establish friendly and business relations, which in the future also contribute to successful career growth." However, it is not necessary to speak of a decisive contribution. “Of course, FEFU cannot and should not play a system-forming role in the formation of migration flows. But the creation of FEFU has definitely brought positive dynamics to the socio-demographic processes,” Kolesnichenko said.
Modern economic and social realities so far do not work in favor of the demography of the Far East. It does not become an unambiguous choice for the educated youth of the region. And yet, some changes - both at the regional and federal levels - such as exam system and the development of FEFU, they also lay some positive potential, weak effects of which can be observed now. The situation is developing non-inertia and, perhaps, having correctly disposed of the new trends, it will be possible to compensate for the still strong position among the talented Far Eastern youth on departure by attracting new young graduates who wished to try themselves on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
A letter to the editorial office of DVhab.ru regarding the throwing on the Internet of the completed exam questions in mathematics.
He turned on a rampage over the leak of USE math assignments for the central regions of Russia, which took place on June 1.
Thus, according to the one who wrote to the editor, a large-scale collection of petitions is underway regarding the discharge (there is evidence) and tasks that are higher in complexity than the FIPI task bank offers. Far Eastern schoolchildren who wrote themselves, unlike residents of other regions who settled the options in advance, require re passing the exam in mathematics on a reserve day and lowering the points for admission, in order to at least restore justice.
- I was preparing from the fifth grade for this exam - my mother invested in a tutor, we bought all the manuals and KIMs of the past years to prepare carefully. And I gave it myself. In fact, the work was difficult, especially the 17th task. It’s a shame that schoolchildren from other cities simply took advantage of other people's knowledge and efforts. Now they will receive points and, accordingly, a greater chance of entering the central universities of Russia. This is dishonest, ”said Gleb Razuvakin, a student at school No. 43.
The teachers of mathematics in the Khabarovsk schools did not see the assignment, therefore they cannot yet judge the complexity. But the teachers have confidence: such a large-scale throwing into the Network could not come from schoolchildren.
- I think that this could be done only at the level of power - not schoolchildren. They write under cameras, phones are taken away, KIMs are not taken out of the audience. Moreover, now tasks are printed from the disc right in the audience before the exam. None of the children would take such a risk, in my opinion. It is difficult for us mathematicians to judge the complexity of the tasks this year. We see works only after publication, because teachers of other profiles are present at the math exam, according to the rules, ”said Svetlana Muravyova, a mathematics teacher at Khabarovsk school No. 43.
Regional Ministry of Education and Science has information about what happened at the level of Web users - read the news.
“This is not our department that deals with everything,” says Viktor Moskvin, deputy minister of education and science of the Khabarovsk Territory, head of the department for supervision and control. - We do not know KIMy. We do not see them. They are sealed and will be stored in this form until March approximately. We can say that the stuffing was or was not when the results are published, and we will see if there are any abnormal results. Now Rosobrnadzor, which controls this, gives information that this is not true.
- Publication of materials allegedly being assignments in some way real examappear in social networks before each exam. A special Internet monitoring group records such publications on thousands of resources and passes them for appropriate verification, the federal media reported in Rosobrnadzor. “In 2018, not a single publication of real examination tasks was recorded exam options math on the web before the exam. The materials published on this page also do not correspond to any of the options that were proposed exam participants Today. The control measures used in the development and delivery of examination materials allowed to completely eliminate their leaks in the last five years, the service added.
Note that the exam participants themselves confirmed the fact that the tasks were duplicated. Talk about this is actively conducted under the YouTube video, where there is an analysis of the exam questions in mathematics from June 1.
Recall, according to the regional Ministry of Education and Science, examination paper in basic level mathematics, it includes 20 tasks, the fulfillment of which is reserved for exactly 3 hours (180 minutes). Those graduates who do not need to take the basic level. The minimum threshold is 12 points. In the Khabarovsk Territory, 5,332 people chose this exam.
Vera Chebotaryova, Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru
Source - Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru
How Far Eastern schools try to keep talented children, what businessmen, teachers, parents and universities do for this, Indicator.Ru said Elena Harisova, vice rector for academic and educational work Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU).
Elena Vladimirovna, how is the situation with school education generally in the Far East? How many children leave after graduation?
In the Far East, as a whole and in the majority of the country's subjects, schooling is not going through the most simple times. According to analysts at the Higher School of Economics (HSE) in Russia, quality school education in different regions varies greatly. In the central zone of Russia, we are seeing good results in terms of passing the exam, but already in the Far East exam results leave much to be desired. One of the reasons for this scatter is the inequality of resources: personnel, infrastructure, and material and technical. But in our region there are many talented schoolchildren, it is necessary to build directed, targeted work with them, which will reveal and fully support their talents.
We are like federal universityhaving human, infrastructural, scientific and methodological resources, we aim to support the school system in the Far East and talented children and teachers of Primorye. We started with the basics, with mathematics, held the first Pacific school of mathematics. We invited schoolchildren to her, who showed high results in the municipal tour all-Russian Olympiad in mathematics, and teachers whose pupils show top scores USE. We did not come up with anything new here - we took well-proven methods and technologies that have been known since the 60s, offered schoolchildren tricky tasks, one week with a break for lunch and sleep, and introduced them to the best mathematics teachers in the Far East.
In the Far East, the problem of “washing out” talents from the region is very acute; children simply leave to enter the central part of Russia and abroad. If a graduate of the school showed good results for the exam, then he most likely leaves the region. And if you went to school age, then the probability of returning to motherland greatly reduced.
Therefore, FEFU takes on the task of ensuring that children in the Far East, and in particular in Primorye, remain. In order to offer competitive conditions to strong school graduates, we are restructuring our educational programs in accordance with the needs of the regional economy, and we are establishing university cooperation with companies. The realization and development of the potential of talented schoolchildren includes their participation in scientific, research and design work together with students and teachers of our university. We see a great resource and the need for the development of mathematical education in the region. For this purpose, for example, we have now applied for a competition to create a scientific and educational mathematical center on the basis of our university. We see that next to us are Singapore University, Peking University and other strong universities. If we ourselves do not create a similar center, we can lose in the scientific and technological development of the country.
The mathematical program is our first step, we will also create programs in physics, biology, chemistry, computer science, and foreign languages. We believe that this can become a sustainable platform on which to further build the education system in the Far East.
Are you not afraid that you will pull up gifted children now, and they will still arrive in the West or in China, Singapore?
We do not have such concerns because we want to build an entire professional trajectory for children right up to employers. Conventionally, we start working with schoolchildren from the seventh grade: they become active participants in our programs, we motivate them to enter the university, where we can offer an individual educational curriculum. Customized educational trajectories are being built in conjunction with employers in the region. We will offer children at school different variants their career development. They will have to see this whole path and understand why they are here in this land.
But it often happens that the child does not decide where he will go. Often the decision is up to the parents.
Yes. We work with children and see that they do not want to break away from home, they love their land and the sea near which they live. As a rule, parents insist on entering foreign universities, as they know the entire economic situation in the region, and in their memory there is a trace of difficult times in the 90s. They themselves survived the crisis and, wishing a better life for their children, try to send them to good universities country. In this case, parents must be sure that the child will receive a good education and will find its application in his native region. Therefore, we need to work with the parent audience: we must show them that their child, if they stay here, will receive more bonuses. It is difficult to ensure that a student who scores 300 points in three USEs enters FEFU, and not Moscow State University (MSU).
Talking with parents can help here. We say that an individual trajectory of the child’s development will be built, it will be built with specific companies, including companies from Asia-Pacific countries (Asia-Pacific region - approx. Indicator.Ru). We give detailed information on joint research and educational programs with Japan, China and other countries. It is known that technology companies are developing just in the Asia-Pacific countries, and a child and his parents may want to complete a bachelor's degree at Moscow State University, get a solid theoretical base there, and he can go to the FEFU to graduate and get excellent practical experience in joint research and our programs with Asia-Pacific countries. But, of course, this is still a very targeted work.
- Are employers generally ready for such cooperation, work with schoolchildren?
The Far Eastern region is developing rapidly. The list of large companies and investors that enter the region is expanding. Everyone needs personnel, a special demand for talent. You can’t transport everyone from the Central Strip of Russia, and this is wrong, you need to grow your talent pool in the region. Therefore, employers come to us with a specific request: how many management personnel are needed, which engineers, workers and top managers.
- Is Russian business interested in cooperation?
Yes, the university communicates very closely with the largest Russian companies. AT next year we are launching at the undergraduate level about 30 modules together with industry leaders: Sibur, Rosneft, KNAUF, etc. Interaction with business is not only within the framework of educational programs. This year, together with Sibur, we worked out a scheme where students, while still studying in the third or fourth courses, undergo interviews at the company. Based on the results of the interviews, six graduates were offered jobs. With six students who are in their fourth year next year, Sibur enters into targeted education contracts. Thus, the company purposefully participates in the formation of its personnel. These students will study individually. curriculumwill pass undergraduate practice in company.
- You spoke about the individual trajectory of student learning at the university. How will it be implemented?
As project activities. We give only a direction, and the students determine their own topic of projects. Within the framework of the disciplines of project activities, hours have been laid for students to independently master scarce knowledge to solve the project task through consultations with experts, online courses, etc. Also this year we increased the share of elective disciplines and extracurricular activities as part of mastering undergraduate and graduate programs .
Let's get back to schools. I have two questions. First, will you focus on continuing education for teachers? Those who work now may find it difficult to switch to a new scheme of work. Second - you say that you want to take children in the seventh grade and lead them until graduation. Can a child of 13-14 years old decide what he wants to do in life? Many do not know this after graduating.
A university can interact with a school in different ways: for example, it can simply “consume” children who are able to enter a university. A school teacher is a person of a creative mind, and he is interested in communicating with other creative, meaningful colleagues. When a university enters a school with an active attitude, it usually gets a positive connection. We offer the university to play the role of a kind of intellectual center that can “nourish” and “contain” teachers. That is, teachers here at the university will undergo continuing education and learn new techniques.
- Do you have any experience with teachers?
We have already received feedback from teachers. They all say: we need something new that will help us work effectively with modern children. They feel that the methods and technologies that are now used in school no longer affect the modern generation. And they, feeling some incompetence in a number of issues, turn to innovators, to professionals, saying: listen, is there anything ready-made that can already be applied?
We offer teachers ready-made solutions and technologies that have been proven and well proven in practice. In September 2018, we plan to open a Far Eastern Lyceum at the University - a school for gifted children. The school will become a modern resource center for working with talented children within the framework of the main general and additional education. We plan to work with teachers of the Primorsky Territory, teaching modern methods and technology in teaching. Educational program schools will be built on an individual approach to each student, will be interdisciplinary in nature, including design forms of instruction.
From the seventh to the ninth grade there will be a special program built differently from the tenth and eleventh grade. It will not be defined by a rigid framework, but early professional tests have already been incorporated in the design approach, so that the child will decide on his profile preference by the ninth grade.