In what battle was Bagration wounded. Prince Peter Bagration: a brief biography and photo portraits

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Portrait of P. I. Bagration
  the work of George Dow. Military Gallery of the Winter Palace, State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg)

Prince Peter Ivanovich Bagration (1765 - 12 (24) September 1812) - Russian infantry general, chief of the Life Guards of the Jäger Regiment, commander in chief of the 2nd Western Army at the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812. The elder brother of Lieutenant General Prince R. I. Bagration, uncle of Lieutenant General P. R. Bagration.

Origin

Representative of a side branch of the Georgian royal house of Bagration. The branch of the Kartli princes of Bagration (ancestors of Pyotr Ivanovich) was included in the number of Russian-princely clans on October 4, 1803, with the approval of the seventh part of the General Herbovnik by Emperor Alexander I.

Tsarevich Alexander (Isaac-beg) Iessevich, the late son of the Kartlian king Jesse, left for Russia in 1759 due to disagreements with the ruling Georgian family and served as a lieutenant colonel in the Caucasian division.

His son Ivan Bagration (1730-1795) moved behind him. He enlisted in the commandant command at the Kizlyar fortress. Despite the claims of many authors, he was never a colonel in the Russian army, did not know the Russian language, and retired with the rank of second major.

According to some reference data, Peter Bagration was born in Kizlyar in 1769. However, according to A. Mikaberidze, the situation is different. According to the petitions of Ivan Alexandrovich, the parents of the future General Bagration moved from Iveria (Georgia) to Kizlyar in December 1766 (long before Georgia joined the Russian Empire). Hence, the researcher concludes that Peter was born in July 1765 in Georgia and most likely in the capital, the city of Tiflis.
  In the biography of Bagration from the ZhZL series, the issue of the year of birth of the commander is examined in detail, indicating that according to various sources, the year of birth is indicated in the range 1762-1769. The earliest lifetime source (official form certified by Bagration himself) and most biographies converge in 1765.

Peter Bagration spent his childhood in his parents' house in Kizlyar.

Military service

P. I. Bagration at the monument “Millennium of Russia”

Pyotr Bagration began his military service on February 21 (March 4), 1782, as a private soldier in the Astrakhan infantry regiment, stationed in the vicinity of Kizlyar. He gained his first combat experience in 1783 on a military expedition to Chechnya. In the unsuccessful sortie of the Russian detachment under the command of Pieri against the rebellious highlanders Sheikh Mansour in 1785, the adjutant of Colonel Pieri, non-commissioned officer Bagration, was captured under the village of Alda, but was later ransomed by the authorities.

In June 1787, he was awarded the rank of ensign of the Astrakhan regiment, which was transformed into the Caucasian musketeer.

Bagration served in the Caucasus Musketeer Regiment until June 1792, successively going through all the stages of military service from sergeant to captain, in which he was promoted in May 1790. Since 1792 he served in the Kiev Horse-Jaeger and Sofia Carabinier Regiments. He participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-92 and the Polish campaign of 1794. He distinguished himself on December 17, 1788 during the assault on Ochakovo.

In 1797 - commander of the 6th Jaeger Regiment, and the next year promoted to colonel.

In February 1799 he received the rank of Major General.

In the Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov in 1799, General Bagration commanded the vanguard of the allied army, especially distinguished himself in battles on the rivers Adda and Trebbia, at Novi and St. Gotthard. This campaign glorified Bagration as an excellent general, whose peculiarity was complete composure in the most difficult situations.

Active participant in the war against Napoleon in 1805-1807. In the campaign of 1805, when the army of Kutuzov made a strategic march-maneuver from Braunau to Olmuts, Bagration led its rearguard. His troops conducted a series of successful battles, ensuring a systematic retreat of the main forces. They were especially famous in the battle of Schöngraben.

At the battle of Austerlitz, Bagration commanded the troops of the right wing of the Union Army, which staunchly repelled the onslaught of the French, and then formed a rear guard and covered up the withdrawal of the main forces.

In November 1805 he received the rank of lieutenant general.

In the campaigns of 1806-07, Bagration, commanding the rearguard of the Russian army, distinguished himself in battles at Preisisch-Eylau and near Friedland in Prussia. Napoleon formed the opinion of Bagration as the best general in the Russian army.

In the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-09, he commanded a division, then a corps. He led the Åland expedition of 1809, during which his troops, having crossed the Gulf of Bothnia on ice, occupied the Åland Islands and reached the coast of Sweden.

In the spring of 1809 he was promoted to general from infantry.

During the Russo-Turkish war of 1806-12, he was the commander in chief of the Moldavian army (July 1809 - March 1810), led the fighting on the left bank of the Danube. Bagration’s troops captured the fortresses of Machin, Girsovo, Kyustendzha, defeated the 12,000th corps of selected Turkish troops at Rassavet, and inflicted a major defeat on the enemy near Tataritsa.

Since August 1811, Bagration is the commander in chief of the Podolsk army, renamed in March 1812 into the 2nd Western Army. Anticipating the possibility of Napoleon's invasion of Russia, he put forward a plan that provided for advance preparation for repelling aggression.

Patriotic War of 1812

At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, the 2nd Western Army was located near Grodno and was cut off from the main 1st Army by the advancing French corps. Bagration had to retreat with rearguard battles to Bobruisk and Mogilev, where after the battle near Saltanovka he crossed the Dnieper and on August 3 joined with the 1st Western army of Barclay de Tolly near Smolensk.

Bagration advocated attracting broad strata of the people to the fight against the French, was one of the initiators of the partisan movement. In his letters to the leadership he played the “Russian card”, insisting that the German generals would destroy Russia, and the Minister of War, Barclay de Tolly, who ordered the retreat, he directly called the traitor. He led the party of "hot goals", demanding to give Napoleon a general battle; had huge popularity among officers.

Under Borodino, the army of Bagration, making up the left wing of the battle formation of the Russian troops, repelled all attacks of Napoleon's army.

Wound and death

At the Borodino field on September 7 (according to the new style) at about 12 pm a fragment of the nucleus crushed the tibia of the left leg (or, as stated in the official report, “in the middle third of the left leg”). It is alleged that officer A. D. Olsufiev was taken out of the general’s battlefield.

The next day, the wounded Bagration, together with doctors Govorov and Gangart, was sent to Moscow. September 9, the general began a fever. From September 10, suppuration of the wound began. Only on September 12, after a medical consultation, it became clear that a fragment of the nucleus is still in Bagration’s body. On September 15, upon arrival at the Sergiev Posad hotel, when examining a wound, doctors agree with the fact of a fracture of the tibia. On the same day, at the end of the consultation, a decision was made on urgent amputation. The prince refused the amputation proposed by the doctors. On September 14th, Bagration was diagnosed with sepsis. On September 19, Bagration arrived in Sim. On September 21, an operation to expand the wound was performed in Sime, and only by its results the doctors with irreversible delay managed to draw a complete picture of the wound:

   “A notable incision of the soft parts near the wound revealed a perfect fracture and fragmentation of the tibia, which sharp and uneven ends, together with the shard of the nucleus, deep into the fleshy parts of the pierced, undeniably caused the prince severe and intolerable pain and fever during the illness. An extraordinary amount of purulent and stinky matter came out of the wound, and the wound appeared to be very deep with damage to important blood vessels and nerves. ”

During the operation, with a great delay, foreign bodies, including a fragment of the nucleus, were removed from the wound. In modern literature, it is generally accepted that the death of a general was the result of an incorrectly made initial diagnosis.

On September 22, gangrene was discovered in Bagration. In the morning of that day, Bagration was again offered amputation, but in the evening the doctors themselves refused the operation. September 23, Bagration, realizing his doom, dictated a will. On September 8, Bagration mentioned in his report to Tsar Alexander I about the wound:

   “I was rather hard hit in the left leg with a bullet with fragmentation of the bone; but I do not regret it at all, being always ready to sacrifice the last drop of my blood to protect my fatherland and the august throne ... ”

The commander was transferred to the estate of his friend, who also participated in the Battle of Borodino, Lieutenant General Prince B. A. Golitsyn, in the village of Sima, Vladimir province. On September 12 (24), 1812, in the first hour of the afternoon, Peter Ivanovich Bagration died of gangrene, 17 days after being wounded. According to the preserved inscription on the grave in the village of Sima, he died on September 23.

Monument to Bagration in Moscow.

As the reader remembers, one of the few articles that reflected the departure from life from gangrene was the article "A.V. Suvorov. Deadly Gangrene"

Reference:

Sepsis (al. Greek - decay; household nonprofessional name - blood poisoning) - a serious, from a medical point of view, condition caused by getting into the blood (it must be distinguished from the concept of bacteremia) and animal tissue (including humans) of pathogens, for example, pyogenic microorganisms and their metabolic products - toxins. It is characterized by the inflammatory process not in any particular organ, but in the whole body

The causative agents of sepsis: more often streptococci and staphylococci, less often pneumococci, E. coli, etc. Typically, sepsis is a complication of a wound or inflammatory process. In its development in humans, an important role is played by a decrease in the body's defenses due to a serious illness, surgery, large blood loss, and insufficient nutrition. The source of a general infection can be suppuration in the wound or complicated course of local purulent diseases (boil, carbuncle, phlegmon) - surgical sepsis ...

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The purpose of this article is to find out how the departure from life of the Russian general’s gangrene from the infantry of Prince PETER IVANOVICH BAGRATION was laid down in his FULL NAME code.

See preliminary "Logicology - about the fate of man."

Consider the FULL NAME code tables. \\ If there will be a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale \\.

2 3 7 24 25 44 54 69 83 99 106 125 142 152 155 156 170 185 188 198 222
   B A G R A T I O N P Y T R I V A N O V I H
222 220 219 215 198 197 178 168 153 139 123 116 97 80 70 67 66 52 37 34 24

16 23 42 59 69 72 73 87 102 105 115 139 141 142 146 163 164 183 193 208 222
   P Y T R I V A N O V I H B B A G R A T I O N
222 206 199 180 163 153 150 149 135 120 117 107 83 81 80 76 59 58 39 29 14

BAGRATION PETER IVANOVICH \u003d 222 \u003d 178-DAMAGE OF GANHRENA + 44-HAMMER \\ et \\.

178 - 44 \u003d 134 \u003d LEFT OUT OF LIFE.

222 \u003d 102-DEATH + 120-FROM SEPSIS \\ a \\.

222 \u003d 185-DEATH ORGANISM \\ a \\ + 37-CME \\ rm ... \\.

185 - 37 \u003d 148 \u003d YAD-37 x 4 \u003d END OF LIFE.

222 \u003d 135-DEAD FROM ... + 87-SEPSIS.

222 \u003d 102-OT SEPSIS \\ sa \\ + 120-OT SEPSIS \\ a \\.

222 \u003d 159-BLOOD POISONING + 63-DAMAGE.

222 \u003d 87-POISONED + 135-DRUG ORGANISM.

222 \u003d 170-ORGANISM POISONED + 52-GNOME.

222 \u003d 139-POISONED BY GNE + 83-ORGANISM.

139 - 83 \u003d 56 \u003d DIED.

222 \u003d 155-MORTAL + 67-POISONING.

155 - 67 \u003d 88 \u003d GNOME ORG \\ anism \\.

222 \u003d 120-END OF LIFE + 102-FROM SEPSI \\ sa \\.

222 \u003d 69-END + 153-LIFE FROM SEPSI \\ sa \\.

222 \u003d 154-END OF LIFE FROM ... + 68-SEPSY \\ sa \\.

154 - 68 \u003d 86 \u003d SEPSIS.

222 \u003d SEPTIC GANGRAN.

222 \u003d YaD-37 x 6.

Decrypt individual columns:

185 \u003d DEADLY POISONED
__________________________________
   52 \u003d OTRA \\ phenomenon \\ \u003d GNOME

185 - 52 \u003d 133 \u003d DEVELOPMENT OF SEPS \\ ISA \\.

69 \u003d DEVELOP \\ e \\
____________________________
  163 \u003d GANGREN DEVELOPMENT

163 - 69 \u003d 94 \u003d GAN DEVELOPMENT \\ grena \\.

139 \u003d putrid \\ gangrene \\
_______________________________
  107 \u003d putrid \\ I'm gangrene \\

DATE OF DESTRUCTION DATE: 12.09.1812. This is \u003d 12 + 09 + 18 + 12 \u003d 51.

51 \u003d INFE \\ action ... \\ \u003d OTP \\ avlen organism \\.

222 \u003d 51 + 171-POISONED OR \\ ganism \\.

171 - 51 \u003d 120 \u003d POISON POISONED \\ eat \\ \u003d FROM SEPSIS \\ a \\ \u003d 69-END + 51-LIFE.

238 \u003d INFECTIOUS DISEASE.

238 \u003d 98-BURNING + 140-POISONING OF THE ORGANISM \\.

DEAD ORGANISM POISON \u003d 285.

285 - 222- (FULL NAME code) \u003d 63 \u003d DISEASE |

The code of the complete DATE OF THE DESTRUCTION \u003d 238-SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER + 30- \\ 18 + 12 \\ - (the code of the YEAR OF DESTRUCTION) \u003d 268.

268 \u003d DEATH FROM INTOXICATORS

268 - 222- (FULL NAME code) \u003d 46 \u003d GANGRE \\ on \\ \u003d HORSE \\ c \\.

The code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE \u003d 76-FORTY + 66-SEVEN \u003d 142.

142 \u003d DYING BODY \\ ISM \\.

222 \u003d 142-FORTY SEVEN + 80-FROM GANGRE \\ us \\.

142-FORTY SEVEN - 80-FROM GANGRE \\ us \\ \u003d 62 \u003d INFEC \\ national ... \\.

We look at the column in the upper table:

142 \u003d FORTY SEVEN \u003d 91-DIING + 51-LIFES
___________________________________________________
   97 \u003d SICK \u003d COMPLETION

142 - 97 \u003d 45 \u003d INF \\ projection ... \\ \u003d DISEASE \\.

Part 2.

BAGRATION PETER IVANOVICH \u003d 222.

BA (cterial) G (ang) P (en) A + T (oxy) I (chemical) O (persecution) H (u) + P (orazh) E (n) T (oxins) (o) P (ganism) + I (infectious) (disease) VAN (s) (cr) JVI + (con) H (ina)

222 \u003d BA, G, P, A + T, I, O, H, + P, E, T, P, + I, VAN, OVI +, H ,.

5 8 14 28 29 34 57 58 77 92 98 116 122 136 155 187 189 206 238
   SEPTEMBER 12
238 233 230 224 210 209 204 181 180 161 146 140 122 116 102 83 51 49 32

  The “deep” decryption offers the following option, in which all columns match:

  (all) D (s) B (s) E (gangra) N (s) (stop) A (ser) DCA + TO (xic) (poisoning) E + CE (rdtsa) (osta) N (ovka) + ТЯ (yellow) B (deer) (after) P (aneni) I

238 \u003d, D, C, E, H, A, DCA + TO, E + CE, H, + TH, B, P, Z.

The code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE: 76-FORTY + 66-SEVEN \u003d 142.

18 33 50 65 76 94 100 113 142
   FOURTY SEVEN
142 124 109 92 77 66 48 42 29

  The “deep” decryption offers the following option, in which all columns match:

C (deadly) O (etching) (k) PO (vi) (then) K (sinai) + CE (rdtsa) (c) M (ep) b

142 \u003d C, O, PO, K, + CE, M, b.

Peter Ivanovich

Battles and victories

BAGRATION PETR IVANOVICH (1765 - 1812) - Russian infantry general, prince, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, “The Lion of the Russian Army”, “the most distinguished general worthy of the highest degrees”. A descendant of the Georgian royal house of Bagration.

Origin and military service

According to the reference data, Pyotr Bagration was born in Kizlyar in 1769. However, according to the petitions of Ivan Alexandrovich, the parents of the future general Bagration moved from Iveria (Georgia) to Kizlyar in December 1766. Thus, there is reason to believe that the future commander was born in Tiflis.
   From an early age, he showed great interest and love for military affairs, dreaming of devoting himself to the military profession.

With the mother’s milk, Bagration subsequently wrote, I poured the spirit into warlike deeds

Pyotr Bagration began his military service on February 21, 1782 as a private in the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment, stationed in the vicinity of Kizlyar. From this time began his military activity, which continuously continued for thirty years.
   Troops on the Caucasian borders had to be constantly on alert and repel raids by enemy units. In one of the battles with the Highlanders, Peter was seriously injured and left on the battlefield in a pile of dead and wounded. He was picked up by the Highlanders, who gathered weapons at night and mistook the young Bagration for their own. They left him, and then, finding out who he was, out of respect for his father, who had once done them a favor, they took him away to the Russians without ransom.

In June 1787, he was awarded the rank of ensign of the Astrakhan regiment, which was transformed into the Caucasian musketeer. As part of this regiment, he took part in the siege and the subsequent assault on Ochakov on December 6, 1788, one of the first to break into the fallen fortress.

Bagration served in the Caucasus Musketeer Regiment until June 1792, successively passing through all levels of military service from sergeant to captain. In 1792 he was promoted to second major and transferred to the Kiev cuirassier, and in 1793 to the Sofia Carabinieri Regiment. He took part in the Polish campaign of 1794. During the assault on the Warsaw suburb of Prague on October 24, he was spotted by A.V. Suvorov and became his favorite.

In May 1797, Pyotr Ivanovich was appointed commander of the 7th Jäger Regiment. In February 1798, he was promoted to colonel, and in February 1799, promoted to major general. In the Italian and Swiss campaigns of A. V. Suvorov in 1799, General Bagration, commanding the vanguard of the army, stormed the Brescia citadel (April 10), attacked and occupied Lecco, and was wounded by a bullet in the leg, but remained in service, continuing to lead the battle.

On May 6, having heard the shots from Marengo, Bagration teamed up with the Austrians, generously losing the general command to the youngest rank, General Lusignan, attached himself to him from both flanks and carried the allies into a swift attack with a drum battle, simultaneously curbing all French attempts to circumvent the right flank. The French attempt to break into Genoa failed.

P.I. Bagration:

I do not understand your wise maneuvers. My maneuver is to search and beat!

June 6 in the morning, having received news that MacDonald attacked the Austrians on the river. Tidone, Suvorov immediately took from the vanguard Cossack regiments, Austrian dragoons and, together with Bagration, led them to the battlefield. At three in the afternoon he was already there and a dashing cavalry attack delayed the onslaught of the French until the advance of the vanguard infantry. When she showed up, Bagration approached Suvorov and in an undertone asked him to postpone the attack until the backward ones came up, for there were not even 40 people in their mouths. Suvorov answered his ear: “But MacDonald doesn’t have 20, attack with God!” Hurrah!" Bagration obeyed. The troops amicably hit the enemy and threw him in a big mess beyond Tidone. MacDonald gathered his army to Requirement and on June 7 took a new attack on Suvorov's left bank, during which Bagration was wounded for the second time, but this wound did not incapacitate him.

P.I. Bagration:

The main subject in military service is military order, subordination, discipline, unanimity and friendship

This was followed by the legendary campaign of the Suvorov troops through the Alps to Switzerland. Bagration was either at the head of the marching column, the first to take on all the enemy’s attacks and overcome natural obstacles, then the rearguard to restrain the onslaught of the French, and by the end of the campaign only 16 officers and 300 lower ranks remained in Bagration’s regiment. He himself was wounded for the third time in this war at the battle of Klental. Upon his return to Russia, Bagration was appointed chief of the Life Jaeger battalion, later reorganized into a regiment, and remained with him until his death.

The Italian and Swiss campaigns glorified Bagration as an excellent general, and showed his most distinctive character traits - exceptional composure and courage in battle, speed and decisiveness of actions, the ability to maximize the use of a convenient moment during the battle. The fame of the courage and fearlessness of Bagration quickly and widely spread among the soldiers and officers of the Russian army.

P.I. Bagration:

To the masters of the military commanders to instill in the soldier that all enemy troops are nothing but a bastard from around the world, we are Russian and fellow believers. They cannot fight bravely, they are especially afraid of our bayonet. Step on it! Bullet past. Approach him - he will run. If infantry, cavalry, cut and trample!
   Hit together and defeat the enemy. Then we honor, glory and gratitude of the motherland, and to our beloved fatherland with our victory, the enemy who dared to enter the Russian land, we bring peace and bliss

With the beginning of the first Russian war with Napoleon, in 1805, the vanguard of the army of Kutuzov was entrusted to Bagration. True, due to the surrender of the Austrian army near Ulm, the Russian corps met face to face with the seven French corps and was forced to retreat. Bagration, remaining in the rearguard, was to cover the retreat, for 400 miles restraining the enemy’s attacks. He had to save the Russian army a second time, when Ulm followed the surrender of Vienna. The situation was even more serious, as Napoleonic troops were thrown across the retreating Russian. Kutuzov ordered the French to be detained at all costs, at least for this he had to sacrifice his whole detachment and the last man. Saying goodbye to Bagration, Kutuzov baptized him as doomed to death. The whole army also looked at Bagration and his detachment, knowing that her fate depended on his steadfastness. Bagration vowed to stand. And he kept his word. Within 8 hours, his detachment was subjected to violent attacks, suffered serious losses, but did not give up positions. His warriors did not retreat even when Legrand's division entered the rear. Only when he received news that Kutuzov’s army was out of danger, Bagration lost ground, hand-to-hand broke through the encirclement, even capturing prisoners and one French flag.

Bagration was promoted to lieutenant general for this brilliant feat, and the 6th Jäger Regiment, the first of the Russian army regiments, received silver trumpets with St. George ribbons as a reward.

After Kutuzov’s connection with Count Buxgewden’s corps, the Russian army went on the offensive and Bagration’s detachment again became the vanguard. On the way to Austerlitz, Bagration defeated the enemy troops near Wischau and Rausnitsa. On December 2, at the Austerlitz field, the vanguard of Bagration formed the extreme right flank of the combat location of the allied army and, when the columns of its center were dispersed, was subjected to the cruel onslaught of the victorious enemy, but resisted and covered the retreat of the defeated army, again becoming its rearguard. For Austerlitz, Bagration was granted the Order of St. George of the 2nd class.

Bagration P.I.

In the campaigns of 1806-1807 Bagration distinguished himself in the battles of Preisch-Eylau and near Friedland in Prussia. Napoleon formed the opinion of Bagration as the best general in the Russian army. At critical moments of the battle, sometimes dismounting, he went on the attack or to the battle line, did not spare himself or the enemy. The general fiercely attacked and stubbornly defended himself, thereby destroying the enemy’s plans and enabling the allied forces to rebuild or retreat. In the battle of Friedland, Bagration's detachment constituted the left flank of the location of the Russian army. When the troops could not stand it and began to retreat in frustration, Bagration with a sword in his hands encouraged the Moscow Grenadier Regiment, the remains of which surrounded his horse, reminding the soldiers of their exploits in Italy with Suvorov ... But it was all in vain. Even Semenovtsy and Pavlovts wavered and laid back. Then Bagration, wanting to at least somehow restrain the onslaught of the French, ordered Colonel Ermolov to bring some artillery company out of the reserve. Bagration spent 16 hours in the midst of this fierce battle and then restrained the enemy for another 5 days, chasing the battered Russian army going to Tilsit. For Friedland Bagration was awarded a golden sword, decorated with diamonds, with the inscription "For courage."

In the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809. commanded a division, then a corps. He led the Åland expedition of 1809, during which his troops, having crossed the Gulf of Bothnia on ice, occupied the Åland Islands and reached the coast of Sweden. In the spring of 1809 he was promoted to general from infantry.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812. was commander in chief of the Moldavian army, led the fighting on the left bank of the Danube. Bagration’s troops captured the fortresses of Machin, Girsovo, Kyustendzha, defeated the 12,000th corps of selected Turkish troops at Rassavet, and inflicted a major defeat on the enemy near Tataritsa.

Since August 1811, Bagration is the commander-in-chief of the Podolsk army, renamed in March 1812 into the 2nd Western Army. Anticipating the possibility of Napoleon's invasion of Russia, Peter Ivanovich put forward a plan that provided for advance preparation for repelling aggression.

Patriotic War of 1812

At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, the 2nd Western Army was located near Grodno and was cut off from the main 1st Army by the advancing French corps. Bagration had to retreat to Bobruisk and Mogilev with rearguard battles, where after the battle near Saltanovka he crossed the Dnieper and on August 3 joined with the 1st Western Army of Barclay de Tolly near Smolensk.

P.I. Bagration:

I can’t do it together with the Minister of War ... And the whole main apartment of the Germans is filled so that it’s impossible for the Russian to live and there’s no sense

Bagration advocated attracting broad strata of the people to the struggle against the French; he was one of the initiators of the partisan movement. Under Borodin, the Bagration army, making up the left wing of the battle formation of the Russian troops. And it was on this wing that the French emperor aimed his main blow. According to the tradition of that time, they always prepared for the decisive battles as if they were a show — people dressed in clean linen, shaved carefully, put on ceremonial uniforms, orders, white gloves, sultans on shakos, etc. Just as he is depicted in the portrait - with a blue Andreev ribbon, with three stars of the orders of Andrey, George and Vladimir and many order crosses - they saw Bagration’s regiments in the battle of Borodino, the last in his combat life.

According to eyewitnesses, Prince Peter, when he was carried to the rear, asked to be transferred to Barclay de Tolly

“Thank you” and “guilty”: “thank you” - for the stamina of the neighboring 1st Army in the battle, “guilty” - for everything that Bagration used to say about the Minister of War.

Bagration’s regiments repelled all attacks of Napoleon’s army. But the French, using a numerical superiority, further increased the onslaught on the Russians. At the critical moment of the battle, Bagration personally led his troops to attack the nagging enemy. A fragment of the nucleus crushed the tibia of the left leg to the general. The prince refused the proposed evacuation by doctors. The commander, removed from the horse, still continued to lead his troops, but after losing consciousness he was carried out of the battlefield. “In an instant, a rumor flashed about his death,” A. Yermolov recalled, “and the army cannot be restrained from confusion.” It was short-lived, entailed the abandonment of flushes, but then the Russian soldiers, who had lost their beloved commander, seized rage. The battle flared up with renewed vigor. The next day, Bagration mentioned in his report to Tsar Alexander I about the wound:

I am not quite easily injured in the left leg with a bullet with fragmentation of the bone; but I do not regret this at all, being always ready to sacrifice the last drop of my blood to defend the fatherland and the August throne ...

On September 24, 1812, Petr Ivanovich Bagration died of gangrene, 17 days after being wounded. According to the preserved inscription on the grave in the village of Sima, he died on September 23.

In 1839, on the initiative of the partisan poet D.V. Davydov, the ashes of Prince Bagration were transferred to the Borodino field.

Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration belonged to the commanders of the Suvorov school. As a military leader, he was distinguished by the ability to quickly navigate in difficult combat situations, the courage and surprise of decisions, and the persistence in their implementation. He took special care of the soldiers, their health and life. He was extremely popular in the army and in Russian society. Throughout his military career, Pyotr Bagration did not suffer a single defeat. The heroic actions of himself and his units saved many lives, and perhaps were decisive in the outcome of the battles.

Literature

Shikman A.P. Figures of domestic history. Biographical reference. M., 1997.

Zalessky K.A. Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 2003.

Shenkman G.S. General Bagration. SPb., 2003.

the Internet

Surzhik Dmitry Viktorovich, Researcher, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences

Benigsen Leonty

Unfairly forgotten commander. Having won several battles against Napoleon and his marshals, he brought two battles with Napoleon in a draw, and lost one battle. He participated in the battle of Borodino. One of the candidates for the post of commander in chief of the Russian army during the Patriotic War of 1812!

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

Successes in the Crimean War of 1853-56, victory in the Sinop battle in 1853, defense of Sevastopol in 1854-55.

Rurikovich (Grozny) Ivan Vasilievich

In the variety of perceptions of Ivan the Terrible, they often forget about his unconditional talent and achievements as a commander. He personally led the capture of Kazan and organized military reform, leading a country that simultaneously waged 2-3 wars on different fronts.

Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich

A talented commander has repeatedly shown personal courage in defending the Fatherland in the First World War. He rejected the revolution and hostility to the new government as secondary in comparison with serving the interests of the motherland.

Suvorov Mikhail Vasilievich

The only one who can be called GENERALLISIMUS ... Bagration, Kutuzov, his students ...

Chichagov Vasily Yakovlevich

Excellent commander of the Baltic Fleet in the campaign of 1789 and 1790. He won victories in the battle of Åland (15.7.1789), in the Revelsky (2.5.1790) and Vyborg (06.22.1790) battles. After the last two defeats of strategic importance, the dominance of the Baltic Fleet became unconditional, and this forced the Swedes to make peace. In the history of Russia there are few such examples when victories at sea led to victory in the war. And by the way, the Vyborg battle was one of the largest in world history in terms of the number of ships and people.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

“I studied thoroughly the military leader JV Stalin, since I went through the whole war with him. JV Stalin was in charge of organizing front-line operations and operations of front groups and led them with full knowledge of the matter, well versed in large strategic issues ...
  In the leadership of the armed struggle as a whole, JV Stalin was helped by his natural mind, rich intuition. He knew how to find the main link in a strategic situation and, seizing on him, to resist the enemy, to conduct one or another major offensive operation. Surely he was a worthy Supreme Commander. "

  (Zhukov G.K. Memoirs and Reflections.)

Bagration, Denis Davydov ...

The war of 1812, the glorious names of Bagration, Barclay, Davydov, Platov. A model of honor and courage.

Istomin Vladimir Ivanovich

Istomin, Lazarev, Nakhimov, Kornilov - Great people who served and fought in the city of Russian glory - Sevastopol!

Kornilov Lavr Georgievich

KORNILOV Lavr Georgievich (08/18/1870-31/04/1918) Colonel (02.1905). Major General (12.1912). Lieutenant General (08.28.1914). General of the Infantry (06.30.1917). He graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School (1892) and with a gold medal to the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1898). Officer at the headquarters of the Turkestan Military District, 1889-1904. Member of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 - 1905: headquarters officer of the 1st Rifle Brigade (at its headquarters). When retreating from Mukden brigade got into the environment. Heading the rear guard, with a bayonet attack he broke through the encirclement, ensuring freedom of the defensive combat operations of the brigade. Military attache in China, 04/01/1907 - 02/24/1911. Member of the First World War: commander of the 48th Infantry Division of the 8th Army (General Brusilov). During the general retreat, the 48th division was encircled and General Kornilov, who was injured, was captured at the Duklinsky pass (Karpaty) on 04/04/15; 08.1914-04.1915. Captured by the Austrians, 04.1915-06.19.19. Dressing in the uniform of an Austrian soldier, he fled from captivity on 06/06/15. Commander of the 25th Rifle Corps, 06/1916-04.1917. Commander of the Petrograd Military District, 04/03/1917. Commander of the 8th Army, 04/24/08/07/1917. On May 19, 1917, he ordered the formation of the first volunteer “1st Shock Detachment of the 8th Army” under the command of Captain Nezhentsev. Commander of the Southwestern Front ...

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

If anyone has not heard, write to no avail

Bennigsen Leonty Leontyevich

Surprisingly, the Russian general who did not speak Russian, who made up the glory of Russian weapons of the early 19th century.

He made a significant contribution to the suppression of the Polish uprising.

Commander-in-chief in the Battle of Tarutino.

He made a significant contribution to the campaign of 1813 (Dresden and Leipzig).

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak (November 4 (November 16), 1874, St. Petersburg, February 7, 1920, Irkutsk) - Russian oceanographer, one of the largest polar researchers of the late XIX - early XX centuries, military and political figure, naval commander, real Member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1906), Admiral (1918), Leader of the White Movement, Supreme Ruler of Russia.

Member of the Russo-Japanese War, Defense of Port Arthur. During the First World War, he commanded the mine division of the Baltic Fleet (1915-1916), the Black Sea Fleet (1916-1917). St. George Knight.
Head of the White Movement both on an all-Russian scale and directly in the East of Russia. As the Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918-1920), he was recognized by all the leaders of the White movement, de jure as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, de facto as Entente states.
  Supreme Commander of the Russian Army.

Dragomirov Mikhail Ivanovich

Brilliant ferry across the Danube in 1877
   - Creating a tactics tutorial
   - Creation of an original concept of military education
   - NAGSH leadership in 1878-1889
   - Huge influence in military matters for a whole 25th anniversary

  Markov Sergey Leonidovich

One of the main characters of the early stage of the Russian-Soviet war.
  Veteran of the Russian-Japanese, World War I and Civil. Knight of the Order of St. George of the 4th degree, Orders of St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree and 4th degree with swords and a bow, Orders of St. Anne of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th degrees, Orders of St. Stanislav of the 2nd and 3rd degrees. The owner of the St. George weapon. An outstanding military theorist. Member of the Ice Campaign. The son of an officer. Hereditary nobleman of the Moscow Province. He graduated from the Academy of the General Staff, served in the Life Guards of the 2nd Artillery Brigade. One of the commanders of the Volunteer Army in the first stage. He died the death of the brave.

In the conditions of the decomposition of the Russian state during the Time of Troubles, with minimal material and human resources, he created an army that defeated the Polish-Lithuanian invaders and liberated most of the Russian state.

Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich

He defeated the Khazar Khaganate, expanded the borders of Russian lands, successfully fought with the Byzantine Empire.

Saltykov Pyotr Semenovich

His name is associated with the largest successes of the Russian army in the Seven Years War of 1756-1763. The winner of the battles of Palzig,
  The Battle of Kunersdorf defeated the Prussian king Frederick II the Great, and Berlin was taken by the troops of Totleben and Chernyshev.

Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich

Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich

The greatest commander of the Second World War. Two people in history were awarded the Order of Victory twice: Vasilevsky and Zhukov, but after WWII it was Vasilevsky who became the Minister of Defense of the USSR. His genius commander is unsurpassed by any commander of the world.

Shein Mikhail

Hero of the Smolensk defense 1609-11
  He led the Smolensk fortress under siege for almost 2 years, it was one of the longest siege campaigns in Russian history, which predetermined the defeat of the Poles during the Troubles

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

Russian admiral who gave his life for the liberation of the Fatherland.
An oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers of the late XIX - early XX centuries, a military and political figure, naval commander, full member of the imperial Russian geographical society, leader of the White movement, Supreme ruler of Russia.

Yaroslav the Wise

Platov Matvey Ivanovich

Ataman of the Great Don Army (since 1801), cavalry general (1809), who took part in all the wars of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries.
  In 1771 he distinguished himself in the attack and capture of the Perekop line and Kinburn. From 1772 he began to command the Cossack regiment. In the 2nd Turkish war he distinguished himself during the assault on Ochakov and Ishmael. He participated in the Battle of Eilau.
  During the Patriotic War of 1812, he commanded first all Cossack regiments on the border, and then, covering up the retreat of the army, he defeated the enemy under the town of Mir and Romanovo. In a battle near the village of Semlevo, the Platov army defeated the French and captured Colonel Marshal Murat from the army. During the retreat of the French army, Platov, pursuing her, defeated her at Gorodnya, the Kolotsky Monastery, Gzhatsk, Tsarevo-Zaimishch, near Dukhovschina and when crossing the Vop River. For merits was elevated to count dignity. In November, Platov occupied Smolensk from the battle and defeated the troops of Marshal Ney near Dubrovna. In early January 1813 entered the borders of Prussia and overlaid Danzig; in September he received command over a special corps, with which he participated in the battle of Leipzig and, pursuing the enemy, captured about 15 thousand people. In 1814 he fought at the head of his regiments during the capture of Nemur, at Arsi-sur-Oba, Cezanne, Villeneuve. He was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.

Muravyov-Karsky Nikolay Nikolaevich

One of the most successful commanders of the mid-19th century in the Turkish direction.

The hero of the first capture of Kars (1828), the leader of the second capture of Kars (the greatest success of the Crimean War, 1855, which allowed ending the war without territorial losses for Russia).

Minich Burchard-Christopher

One of the best Russian commanders and military engineers. The first commander who entered the Crimea. Winner at Stavuchany.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

Grand Prince of Novgorod, from 945 Kiev. The son of Grand Duke Igor Rurikovich and Princess Olga. Svyatoslav became famous as a great commander, whom N.M. Karamzin called "Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history."

After the military campaigns of Svyatoslav Igorevich (965-972), the territory of the Russian land increased from the Volga region to the Caspian Sea, from the North Caucasus to the Black Sea, from the Balkan Mountains to Byzantium. He defeated Khazaria and the Volga Bulgaria, weakened and terrified the Byzantine Empire, opened the way for the trade of Russia with the eastern countries

Paskevich Ivan Fedorovich

Hero of Borodin, Leipzig, Paris (division commander)
  As commander in chief, he won 4 companies (Russian-Persian 1826-1828, Russian-Turkish 1828-1829, Polish 1830-1831, Hungarian 1849).
  Cavalier of the Order of St. George 1 degree - for the capture of Warsaw (the order according to the statute was awarded either for saving the fatherland, or for the capture of the enemy capital).
  Field Marshal.

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

Rokhlin Lev Yakovlevich

Headed the 8th Guards Army Corps in Chechnya. Under his leadership, a number of areas of Grozny were taken, including the presidential palace. For participation in the Chechen campaign, he was presented to the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, but refused to accept him, saying that “he does not have the moral right to receive this award for fighting in his own territory countries".

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

A talented commander who proved himself during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century. In 1608, Skopin-Shuisky was sent by Tsar Vasily Shuisky to negotiate with the Swedes in Novgorod the Great. He managed to agree on Swedish assistance to Russia in the fight against False Dmitry II. The Swedes recognized Skopin-Shuisky as the unconditional leader. In 1609, he and the Russian-Swedish army came to the rescue of the capital, which was held under siege by False Dmitry II. He defeated the detachments of adherents of the impostor in the battles of Torzhok, Tver and Dmitrov, and freed the Volga region from them. He lifted the blockade from Moscow and entered into it in March 1610.

Rumyantsev Pyotr Aleksandrovich

The Russian military and statesman, throughout the reign of Catherine II (1761-96), ruled Little Russia. During the Seven Years War he commanded the capture of Kohlberg. For victories over the Turks at Larg, Kagul and others, which led to the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhiysky world, he was awarded the title "Zadunaysky". In 1770 he received the rank of Field Marshal. Commander of the Orders of the Russian Holy Apostle Andrew, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. George 1st class and St. Vladimir I degree, the Prussian Black Eagle and St. Anna I degree

Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich

Certainly worthy, explanations and evidence, in my opinion, are not required. It is simply amazing that his name is not on the list. The list was prepared by representatives of the exam?

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

During his short military career, he practically did not know any failures, both in battles with the troops of I. Boltnikov, and with the Polish-Liov and "Tushino" troops. The ability to build a combat-ready army practically from scratch, train, use the place and during the Swedish mercenaries, select successful Russian command personnel to liberate and defend the vast territory of the Russian north-western region and liberate central Russia, persistent and systematic attack, skillful tactics in fight against the magnificent Polish-Lithuanian cavalry, undoubted personal courage - these are the qualities that, with all the little-known of his actions, give him the right to be called the Great Leader of Russia.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

Well, who else but he is the only Russian commander who did not lose, who did not lose not one battle !!!

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

The commander, under whose leadership the lesser forces of 1.5 years defeated the Red Army and took control of the North Caucasus, Crimea, New Russia, Donbass, Ukraine, the Don, part of the Volga region and the central black earth provinces of Russia. Preserved the dignity of the Russian name during the Second World War, refusing to cooperate with the Nazis, despite the implacably anti-Soviet position

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

The great Russian commander who did not suffer a single defeat in his military career (more than 60 battles), one of the founders of Russian military art.
  Prince of Italy (1799), Count of Rymniksky (1789), Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Field Marshal of the Austrian and Sardinian forces, Grand Sardinian kingdom and prince of royal blood (with the title "King's cousin"), cavalier of all Russian orders of the time, awarded to men, as well as many foreign military orders.

Uborevich Jerome Petrovich

Soviet military leader, commander of the 1st rank (1935). Member of the Communist Party since March 1917. Born in the village of Aptandriyus (now the Utena district of the Lithuanian SSR) in the family of a Lithuanian peasant. He graduated from the Konstantinovsky artillery school (1916). Member of the 1st World War 1914-18, second lieutenant. After the October Revolution of 1917, he was one of the organizers of the Red Guard in Bessarabia. In January - February 1918 he commanded a revolutionary detachment in battles against the Romanian and Austro-German invaders, was wounded and captured, from where he fled in August 1918. He was an artillery instructor, commander of the Dvina brigade on the Northern Front, and from December 1918 he was commander of the 18th Rifle divisions of the 6th army. From October 1919 to February 1920, the commander of the 14th Army defeated the troops of General Denikin, and in March - April 1920 he commanded the 9th Army in the North Caucasus. In May - July and November - December 1920, the commander of the 14th army in battles against the troops of bourgeois Poland and Petliurists, in July - November 1920 - the 13th army in battles against the Wrangelites. In 1921, the assistant commander of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea, the deputy commander of the troops of the Tambov province, the commander of the troops of the Minsk province, led the fighting in the defeat of the gangs of Makhno, Antonov and Bulak-Balakhovich. Since August 1921, the commander of the 5th Army and the East Siberian Military District. In August - December 1922, Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army during the liberation of the Far East. He was the commander of the North Caucasus (since 1925), Moscow (since 1928) and Belorussian (since 1931) military districts. From 1926, he was a member of the PBC of the USSR, in 1930-31 he was deputy chairman of the PBC of the USSR and chief of arms of the Red Army. Since 1934, member of the Military Council of NGOs. He made a great contribution to the strengthening of the defense capability of the USSR, the education and training of command personnel and troops. A candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (B.) In 1930-37. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee since December 1922. Awarded 3 orders of the Red Banner and honorary revolutionary weapons.

Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky Peter Alexandrovich

Stessel Anatoly Mikhailovich

Commandant of Port Arthur during his heroic defense. The unprecedented ratio of losses of Russian and Japanese troops before the surrender of the fortress is 1:10.

Yudenich Nikolay Nikolaevich

October 3, 2013 marks the 80th anniversary of the death of the Russian military leader, the commander of the Caucasus Front, the hero Mukden, Sarykamysh, Van, Erzurum (thanks to the complete defeat of the 90,000th Turkish army of Russia, Constantinople and the Bosphorus with the Dardanelles departed), the savior of the Armenian people from the full Turkish genocide, the holder of the three orders of George and the highest order of France of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honor, General Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich.

Grachev Pavel Sergeevich

The hero of the USSR. May 5, 1988 "for performing combat missions with minimal casualties and for professional command of a controlled formation and the successful operations of the 103rd Airborne Division, in particular, for occupying the strategically important Satukandav pass (Khost province) during the military operation" Highway " "Received the Gold Star medal No. 11573. Commander of the USSR Airborne Troops. In total, during the military service he made 647 parachute jumps, some of them during the testing of new equipment.
  He was shell-shocked 8 times and received several injuries. Suppressed an armed coup in Moscow and thereby saved the system of democracy. As Minister of Defense, he made great efforts to preserve the remnants of the army - very few people had a similar task in the history of Russia. Only because of the collapse of the army and a decrease in the number of military equipment in the Armed Forces could not triumphantly end the Chechen war.

Yulaev Salavat

The commander of the Pugachev era (1773-1775). Together with Pugachev, having organized an uprising, he tried to change the position of peasants in society. He held a few lunch over the troops of Catherine II.

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

It's simple - It was he, as a commander, who made the greatest contribution to the defeat of Napoleon. He in difficult conditions saved the army, despite misunderstanding and grave accusations of betrayal. It was to him that almost a contemporary of those events, our great poet Pushkin dedicated the poem "Leader".
  Pushkin, recognizing the merits of Kutuzov, did not oppose him to Barclay. Instead of the generally accepted alternative “Barclay or Kutuzov”, with the traditional permission in favor of Kutuzov, Pushkin came to a new position: both Barclay and Kutuzov both deserve the grateful memory of their descendants, but everyone honors Kutuzov, but Mikhail Barkdanovich Barclay de Tolly is undeserved forgotten.
  Mentioned Pushkin Barclay de Tolly earlier, in one of the chapters of "Eugene Onegin" -

Thunderstorm of the twelfth year
  Arrived - who helped us here?
  Frenzy of the people
  Barclay, winter or Russian god? ...

duke of Wurttemberg Eugene

Infantry general, cousin of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. In service in the Russian Army since 1797 (enlisted as colonel in the Life Guard Horse Regiment by decree of Emperor Paul I). He participated in military campaigns against Napoleon in 1806-1807. For participation in the battle near Pultusk in 1806 he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious of the 4th degree, for the campaign of 1807 he received the golden weapon "For Courage", distinguished himself in the campaign of 1812 (he personally led the 4th Jaeger Regiment in the battle at Smolensk), for participating in the battle of Borodino he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious 3rd degree. Since November 1812, the commander of the 2nd Infantry Corps in the army of Kutuzov. He took an active part in the overseas campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-1814, units under his command particularly distinguished themselves in the Battle of Kulm in August 1813, and in the "Battle of the Peoples" at Leipzig. For courage under Leipzig, Duke Eugene was awarded the Order of St. George of the 2nd degree. Parts of his corps were the first to enter defeated Paris on April 30, 1814, for which Eugene Württemberg received the rank of general from infantry. From 1818 to 1821 He was the commander of the 1st Army Infantry Corps. Contemporaries considered Prince Eugene Württemberg one of the best Russian infantry commanders of the Napoleonic Wars. Since December 21, 1825 - Nicholas I was appointed chief of the Tauride Grenadier Regiment, which became known as the "Grenadier of His Royal Highness Prince Eugene of Württemberg Regiment." On August 22, 1826 he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. He participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1827-1828. as commander of the 7th Infantry Corps. On October 3, he defeated a large Turkish detachment on the Kamchik River.

Dovator Lev Mikhailovich

Soviet commander, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union. Known for successful operations to destroy German troops during the Great Patriotic War. For the head of Dovator, the German command appointed a major award.
  Together with the 8th Guards Division named after Major General I.V. Panfilov, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of General M.E. Katukov and other troops of the 16th Army, his corps defended the approaches to Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction.

Makarov Stepan Osipovich

Russian oceanographer, polar explorer, shipbuilder, vice admiral. He developed the Russian semaphore alphabet. A worthy person, on the list of worthy!

Shein Aleksey Semenovich

Oktyabrsky Filipp Sergeevich

Admiral, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet. One of the leaders of the Defense of Sevastopol in 1941 - 1942, as well as the Crimean operation of 1944. During World War II, Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky is one of the leaders of the heroic defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Being the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, at the same time in 1941-1942 he was the commander of the Sevastopol Defensive Region.

Three Orders of Lenin
   three orders of the Red Banner
   two orders of Ushakov, 1st degree
   Order of Nakhimov 1st degree
   Order of Suvorov 2nd degree
   Order of the Red Star
   medals

Hagen Nikolay Alexandrovich

On June 22, trains with units of the 153rd Infantry Division arrived in Vitebsk. Covering the city from the west, the Hagen division (together with the heavy artillery regiment attached to the division) occupied a 40-km-long defense zone, it was opposed by the 39th German motorized corps.

After 7-day fierce battles, the division’s battle lines were not broken. The Germans no longer became associated with the division, circumvented it and continued the offensive. The division flashed in the message of the German radio as destroyed. Meanwhile, the 153rd Infantry Division, without ammunition and fuel, began to break out of the ring. Hagen led the division out of the environment with heavy weapons.

For their staunchness and heroism during the Yelnin operation on September 18, 1941, by order of the People’s Commissar of Defense No. 308, the division received the honorary name "Guards".
  From 01/31/1942 to 09/12/1942 and from 10/21/1942 to 04/25/1943 - commander of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps,
  from May 1943 to October 1944 - commander of the 57th Army,
  since January 1945 - the 26th Army.

The troops led by N. A. Gagen participated in the Sinyavinsky operation (and the general managed to break out of the encirclement with arms for the second time), the battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, the battles in Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine, the liberation of Bulgaria, in Iasi-Chisinau, Belgrade, Budapest, Balaton and Vienna operations. Participant of the Victory Parade.

Baklanov Yakov Petrovich

Cossack general, the "thunderstorm of the Caucasus", Yakov Petrovich Baklanov, one of the most colorful heroes of the endless Caucasian war of the century before last, fits perfectly into the image of Russia that is familiar to the West. Moody two-meter hero, tireless persecutor of highlanders and Poles, the enemy of political correctness and democracy in all their manifestations. But it was precisely such people who obtained the most difficult victory for the empire in a long-standing confrontation with the inhabitants of the North Caucasus and the unkind local nature

Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

Eremenko Andrey Ivanovich

Commander of the Stalingrad and Southeast Fronts. The fronts under his command in the summer and autumn of 1942 stopped the German offensive of 6 field and 4 tank armies on Stalingrad.
  In December 1942, the Stalingrad Front of General Eremenko stopped the tank advance of General G. Goth's grouping on Stalingrad, for the deblockade of the 6th Paulus Army.

Bagration Petr Ivanovich(1765-1812) - prince, Russian military leader, infantry general, participant of the Italian and Swiss campaigns A.V. Suvorov, wars with France, Sweden. Turkey in the Patriotic War of 1812, commander in chief of the 2nd Western Army; mortally wounded in the battle of Borodino.

Born in the city of Kizlyar in the family of a retired colonel from an old family of Georgian princes. In 1782-92 he served in the Caucasus Musketeer Regiment, and then in the Kiev Horse-Jaeger and Sofia Carabinier Regiments in ranks from sergeant to lieutenant colonel. In 1798 Bagration was a colonel, commander of the 6th Jaeger Regiment, and in 1799, a major general. In the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov 1799 Bagration commanded the vanguard. The troops under the command of Bagration played an important role in the battles at pp. Adda, Trebbia and under Novi, successfully and heroically fought at St. Gotthard, Chortov Most. In the campaigns of 1805-07, commanding the rearguard of the Russian army, Bagration was especially distinguished in the battles of Shengraben, Preysisch-Eylau and Friedland. Bagration - a participant in the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-09, led the Åland expedition 1809. In the Russian-tour. the war of 1806-12 from July 1809 to March 1810 he commanded the Moldavian army, from August 1811 he led the Podolsk army, from March 1812 he commanded the 2nd Zap. army, at the head of which he participated in the Patriotic War of 1812. In the initial period of the war, by skillful maneuver from Volkovysk to Smolensk, he led his army out of the attack of superior enemy forces to join the 1st Zap. army, inflicting heavy losses on the French troops in the rearguard battles of Peace, Romanov and Saltanovka. In the battle of Borodino in 1812 he commanded the left wing of the Russian army. He was seriously wounded and died in s. Sims of Vladimir province., Where he was buried. In 1839, his ashes were transferred to the Borodino field.

Portraits of Bagration and monuments

Today is the day of memory of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General of the Prince of Infantry Peter Ivanovich Bagrationdeceased exactly 200 years ago, in 1812, from wounds received in the battle of Borodino. He was born in 1765 in Kizlyar (Terek region) into a Georgian aristocratic family descending from the royal dynasty of Bagration. He studied at the Kizlyar school of chief and non-commissioned officer children. He began military service in 1782 in the Caucasian Musketeer Regiment. In 1783-1786 he participated in hostilities against the highlanders in the North Caucasus, and in 1787-1790 - in the war with the Turks; distinguished himself by the capture of Ochakov. Bagration took part in the Polish campaign of 1794; during the assault on Prague (the outskirts of Warsaw) was noticed by A.V. Suvorov and became his favorite. By February 1799 Bagration served the rank of general.

During the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov in 1799, he commanded the vanguard of the allied Russian-Austrian army, showing both personal heroism and commander skill. However, in 1800, following Suvorov, he fell out of favor with Emperor Paul I. During the Third Coalition war against Napoleon in 1805, Bagration, having at his disposal only seven thousand soldiers, covered the withdrawal of the Russian army in Moravia, repelling the attacks of the fifty thousandth corps of Murat. And in 1807 Bagration showed himself brilliantly in the battles of Preisisch-Eylau, Heilsberg and Friedland, receiving a golden sword “for courage” strewn with diamonds as a reward. During the Russo-Swedish War of 1808-1809 Bagration, along with MBBarclay de Tolly, led the bold transition of the Russian army from Finland to Sweden on the ice of the Gulf of Bothnia, which actually predetermined the successful completion of the campaign, for which he received the rank of general from infantry. Immediately after the end of the war with the Swedes, Bagration was sent to the southern front, where there was a war against the Turks.

After inflicting a series of defeats on the Turks, the glorious general took Ishmael and was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. After Napoleon's invasion of Russia and the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, in the conditions of the general retreat of the Russian troops, Bagration made every effort to unite with the army of MB Barclay de Tolly. In the battle of Borodino, Bagration led the left flank, which fell on the main blow of the French, and heroically defended the Semenov flashes; led the counterattack of the 2nd Grenadier Division on the Northern Flash, occupied by the French, and was mortally wounded. September 12, the hero died in with. Sima of the Vladimir province in the estate of his friend Prince B.A. Golitsyn and was buried in the fence of the local church. In July 1839, the ashes of the general were reburied at the Kurgan height of the Borodino field.

It is believed that this year marks the 250th anniversary of the celebrated Russian commander, Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration, who died from a wound he received on the Borodino field. There are still many unsolved secrets of the hero of the war of 1812, but the debates of historians have long ceased regarding his general talents

In the official (and unofficial) pantheon of heroes of the unforgettable for Russia in 1812, Pyotr Bagration is in second or third place, immediately after M.I. Kutuzova, next to M.B. Barclay de Tolly and much higher than other prominent and talented military leaders of that time - M.A. Miloradovich, N.N. Raevsky, D.S. Dokhturova, P.Kh. Wittgenstein, A.P. Ermolova, P.P. Konovnitsyna, although they — fate had ordered it — had lived longer than him, heroically fought and triumphantly ended the great war with Napoleon in France. The battle of Borodino was the last for Prince Bagration, but not one of them could overshadow his military glory.

In principle, the monument to Bagration was not erected in front of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg near the monuments to Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly, there was a historical injustice that, unfortunately, cannot be corrected: the ensemble of Nevsky Prospekt and Kazan Square has long been formed and settled down. In consolation, we can only say that our contemporaries apologized in part to Prince Peter for that injustice by erecting a monument to him in the Northern capital in 2012 - to the former barracks of the Life Guards of the Jaeger Regiment, which Bagration had once created and loved: he, already being General, still fought in the uniform of his regiment.

From the royal clan Bagrationi

It is difficult to write a biography of Prince Peter, especially its beginning. We can’t accurately name the year and place of birth of the hero (1762, 1764, 1765 or even 1769; the Russian fortress of Kizlyar or Georgia nevertheless), we don’t know the name of his mother, very confusing information has been preserved about his father, although his Bagrationi is indisputable to the ancient Georgian royal family.

Princess Anna Alexandrovna Golitsyna, nee Princess of Georgia (1763–1842). Her great-granddaughter E.Yu. Khvoshchinsky wrote: “Russia owes her one of the heroes of 1812, Prince P.I. Bagration, whom she discharged from Georgia ”

There is no clarity in the history of the beginning of military service of Prince Peter. It is believed that he distinguished himself in battles with the highlanders, and then during the capture of Ochakov (1788) by the army of Grigory Potemkin, and that it was his most luminous one that gave impetus to the career development of the young Georgian prince in 1782. In this regard, information about the active participation in the fate of Bagration of his relative Princess Anna Alexandrovna Golitsyna, nee Princess Gruzinskaya, is important. The close relationship of Prince Peter with the family of Boris Andreevich Golitsyn and his wife Anna is indeed an undeniable fact. Usually in conditions of emigration, separation from the homeland, kinship or fraternity is perceived in a special way. So, as they used to say, the “betrayal” of Anna Alexandrovna before an influential nobleman for a provincial handsome young man - a poor relative was quite possible (although, according to some researchers, it was unlikely that she could assist him at the beginning of Bagration’s service, since in 1782 not yet married). Finally, I want to emphasize another thing: it is often very important to “hook”, as it happened (and it still happens), a young man to the first step of the career ladder, and then it all depends on himself - he will either break loose or climb up and will achieve success thanks to his own talents.

Be that as it may, Bagration’s connection with this branch of the Golitsyns turned out to be long and strong: we will not forget that the general often spent time in the village of Sima, Vladimir’s estate of the husband of Princess Anne. And it is no accident that in the autumn of 1812 it was there that the wounded Prince Peter was brought: he did not have another house (and, in fact, a family). There he died.

Probably, it makes no sense to repeat the data of the track record (formulary) of Peter Bagration: they will occupy many pages. His whole life was devoted to service and almost continuous war. At the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XIX century, Russia was constantly at war: twice with the Turks, twice with the Swedes, four times with the French. And each time, Prince Peter did not just take part in campaigns, but distinguished himself in them, drawing attention to himself with extraordinary abilities.

"Tricky business"

Military historian A.F. Petrushevsky noted that people often do not realize, discussing such a concept as military art. Meanwhile, this is really an art that is owned by units. Hundreds of thousands of people saw what Napoleon or Suvorov were like on the battlefields, each step was recorded and studied later in the academies, but nobody could repeat all this, just as Rubens or Velazquez could not be repeated, because this is art - the highest level of creativity of a brilliant individuality.

Bagration considered himself a student of A.V. Suvorov, and, in fact, he was, having mastered a number of the most important principles of the Russian generalissimo, the main of which was the so-called "eye" - an intuitive feeling of a military leader, a gift similar to a sensation of color by an artist or hearing by a musician. Prince Peter possessed a true Suvorov eye, and this was reflected in the operations that he directed, especially when he was entrusted with (and more than once) the most difficult task - to shut down the movement of the retreating army, to command the rearguard.

The case of Platov Cossacks near Mir on June 27 (July 9), 1812. Hood. V.V. Mazurovsky. 1912. General Bagration successfully used the cossacks of ataman Matvey Platov for rear-guard battles in the summer of 1812

The organization of retreat is one of the outstanding manifestations of military art. Denis Davydov, then adjutant to the prince, who witnessed the actions of Bagration near Preisisch-Eylau in 1807, wrote: “It is a wise thing to command the rearguard of an army that is ardently pursued [by the enemy. - E. A.]. Two opposing subjects constitute the main duty of the rearguard chief: to safeguard the peace of the army from the onslaught of the enemy during the retreat and, at the same time, to observe as close an adjacency as possible to protect inextricable ties and relations. How to agree among themselves these two apparently inconsistent needs? Should I take to the battle? But any battle requires a more or less long stop, during which the distance of the rearguard from the army, more and more away from it, is multiplied. ”

If you evade the battle with the advancing enemy, then "such a means can easily bring the rearguard to the army itself and bring the enemy on its shoulders." “Bagration has solved this problem,” Denis Davydov proudly says. - He comprehended the rule for the rearguards, which fourteen years after laid down on the island of St. Helena the greatest expert on military affairs, saying: "The vanguard must constantly push, the rearguard must maneuver." And on this axiom Bagration founded the retreat of the rearguards, with which he commanded at different times. Under his command, the rearguard never stayed long in place and, moreover, never non-stop followed the army. The essence of his action consisted of retreating alone from one defensive position to another, without going into a general battle, but at the same time maintaining a formidable posture by frequent rebuffs of enemy assassination attempts - rebuffs, which he reinforced with strong and almost universal artillery action. An operation that requires all the ingenious volume of circumstances, all composure, an eye and wonderful sharpness and dexterity, with which Prince Bagration was so generously gifted with nature. ”

It was in this eye that the main dignity of Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration as a commander lay.

"Asian man"

Bagration was just as inventive in managing offensive operations, requiring the commander to have completely different qualities: commensurate with the risk of speed of action, prudence, the ability to take into account tactical, natural, psychological and other factors. The entire data set was then possessed by few of the generals. No wonder Napoleon distinguished Bagration from all Russian generals, noting, however, his "small mind" ...

Here we come to the problem of stereotypes that people use so often when evaluating others. The general opinion about Bagration at that time was allegations of its "stormy simplicity", "unlearned", that he "has no idea about strategy." Prince Peter was perceived only as an “avant-garde”, “tactical” general who knew absolutely nothing in strategy, and in general as an “ignoramus,” an uneducated practitioner. And this, of course, greatly harmed him.

Napoleon on the battlefield of Preisis Eilau. Hood. Antoine Jean Gros. 1808. Denis Davydov called this battle “the bloody introduction of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia”

« BAGRATION HAS READ THE RULE FOR REAR GUARDS, which is outlined on the island of St. Helena the greatest expert on military affairs, saying: "The vanguard must constantly push, the rearguard must maneuver" "

In fairness, we note that in part he is to blame. Being unable to restrain his violent Georgian temper, offended and insulted by disbelief, annoyed by intrigues against him, Bagration often broke down, spoke and wrote harsh words that gave reason to think of him as an “Asian man,” which means, according to the then ideas, not especially smart and educated.

This impression is enhanced when you read Bagration’s letters after the Russian army retreated from Smolensk in August 1812. Frustrated by the fact that he was not appointed commander-in-chief, grieved by the emperor’s disfavor, wounded by rivalry with the “Chukhonets”, “Illuminati” (that is, a freemason) Barclay de Tolly, he sent out very reckless letters that sound ridiculous, dictated only by prejudiced vanity on the offensive on Napoleon’s army, calls for “throwing caps” on “enemy rubbish”. The complexes of a talented self-taught man are also visible in his letters: “Send to command another [instead of Barclay de Tolly. - E. A.], but I do not understand anything, because I am unlearned and stupid. " Meanwhile, it was at this time that Bagration led its 2nd army from the western border of Russia to Borodin with all precautions, with subtlety and flexibility of calculation, without making a single strategic or tactical mistake.

Gribanov V.K.  Bagration in Petersburg. L., 1979
Glinka V.M., Pomarnatsky A.V.  Bagration, Peter Ivanovich // Military Gallery of the Winter Palace. L., 1981.P. 77–82
Anisimov E.V.  Bagration. M., 2011 (ZhZL series)

"The brilliant fidelity of his gaze"

About ignorance, "stormy simplicity" of Prince Peter did not speak and did not write only lazy. Even Denis Davydov, who adored his commander, opens his biography with a truism: “Prince Peter Ivanovich Bagration, so famous for his amazing courage, high disinterestedness, determination and activity, did not, unfortunately, receive an education.” Of course, there is no point in nodding that, according to the calculations of the modern researcher Dmitry Tselorungo, half of the officers in 1812 had only basic literacy and that in general the situation was not brilliant with the education of officers and generals of the Russian army.

Undoubtedly, Bagration did not receive a “correct” military education at that time, having fallen into the active army from a young age and ended up on the dangerous Caucasian border. His fate was such that he fought almost continuously. He did not happen to study in the land gentry corps or any other military educational institution in his youth. The future hero of 1812 did not intern in the armies of other states - he fought with them for the most part. He was not at headquarters under the wing of his own field marshal’s father, as Count N.M. Kamensky, known as Kamensky 2nd. Obviously, Bagration was not too engaged in self-education, was not friends, since he did not speak the language, with the German military book - the main source of the then military science. He could not boast of that deep knowledge of antiquity, the history of military affairs, which distinguished Suvorov, who, by the way, also did not study anywhere.

Illustration from the book "Patriotic War of 1812: for elementary school and the people", published in Moscow in 1912

However, it is appropriate to quote here: “He did not possess great scientific knowledge. But his natural talents made up for the lack of knowledge. He became the administrator and legislator, as well as the great commander, by virtue of instinct alone. ” So wrote the Austrian Foreign Minister Clemens Metternich about Napoleon. In fact, the same can be said about Bagration, endowed with just the colossal instinct of the military leader, the natural instinct of the commander. Actually, the words of Napoleon himself are known: "Bagration is the best: he is a small-minded person, but an excellent general."

The author of the first official history of the Patriotic War of 1812, Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, noted that Bagration was "a poorly educated man, but the brilliant fidelity of his view and innate military abilities made the lack of education insensitive." With the abilities that Bagration was endowed with nature in France, he would certainly become a marshal along with Murat, Davout, Ney and others, who also did not have brilliant education and knew only their native French.

Napoleon himself, by the way, spoke French with a strong Corsican accent and, probably, being at the court of Louis XVI, would have caused a grin. But in France there was a revolution that radically changed the criteria for treating people and their abilities. In Russia, things were different, and this, in fact, seemed to be the cause of the bad luck of the Russian commander Prince Bagration. It is known that at the Russian court then it was enough for a person to stumble in a dance under the envious and unfriendly glances of the courtiers, so that his reputation would perish forever. Therefore, there is nothing to be surprised that Prince Peter, who spoke French poorly, did not remember Montecuccoli and Turenne at every step, did not recite Frederick the Great by heart, was considered ignoramus at court, and therefore unable to command the army.

And in connection with this, apparently, the candidacy of Peter Bagration for the post of single commander in chief in the summer of 1812 was “impassable”: Alexander I, who was under the influence of the German military school, would not have appointed him. Meanwhile, at that time Bagration was the most experienced, most prepared for a war with such a terrible commander as Napoleon was. Now, reading the notes, reports that the prince sent to the bosses from the headquarters of his 2nd army, standing on the western border in 1811 - early 1812, you understand that he also had deep strategic thinking: Bagration managed to foresee and predict the whole dramatic course of events of the first months of war with Bonaparte.

It was thanks to his natural instinct, practical knowledge and experience that he did not allow Napoleon to trap the 2nd Army and brilliantly, without loss, made an unprecedented 800-kilometer march along the heavy Belarusian roads from the border to Smolensk. And near Smolensk Bagration guessed that Bonaparte would, contrary to all calculations of the Russian command, make a sudden throw to Smolensk to cut off our army from Moscow, and, foreseeing this, did everything so that Smolensk did not become the site of the death of the Russian army.

Without a doubt, Bagration was then the most popular general in the army: he was loved by both officers and soldiers. “His warlike and open face bore the imprint of Georgian origin and was peculiarly beautiful,” diplomat Apollinarii Petrovich Butenev, who appeared on the eve of the 1812 war in the main apartment of the 2nd Army located in Volkovysk, conveys his first impression of Bagration. - He accepted me favorably, with military sincerity and simplicity, immediately ordered me to take the premises and invited me to dine with him once and for all daily. It was placed in the so-called castle of some Polish pan, the only decent house in the whole city. The whole society of the Main Apartment was gathering here, which welcomed me warmly and kindly on Wednesday. ”

One way or almost the same thing was written about Prince Bagration by many with whom he had met. His special masculinity, militancy, courage, and at the same time simplicity, sincerity, generosity, kindness to the people around him - all this was remembered, as well as his extraordinary leadership skills.

Prince Peter, it seems to us, was somewhat similar to Napoleon of the Dotsilite era. Here is how Marshal Marmont described the French emperor: “[Napoleon. - E. A.] was thin, unpretentious, unusually active, indifferent to deprivations, despising prosperity and material wealth, prudent, cautious, able to surrender to the will of fate, resolute and persistent in his intentions, knowing people and their morals, which played a huge role in the war, kind fair, capable of real feelings and noble to enemies. "

Father to the soldiers

Peter Bagration adopted from Suvorov a special attitude towards the Russian soldier. But it is not necessary to imagine the great Suvorov as a popular popular commander. He treated the soldiers like every military leader: without hesitation, sent them to death, into the fire by the thousands, and then calmly crossed the bloody streams flowing along the fields of his victorious battles. But how could it be otherwise in a war!

The battle of Borodino on August 26 (September 7), 1812. Hood. Peter Hess. 1843. In the center - the wounded commander of the 2nd Army, General P.I. Bagration. The commander of the 3rd Infantry Division, General P.P., listens to his latest orders. Konovnitsyn (on a white horse)

However, in his own way he was a soldier’s shore, knew and understood him, knew how to find an approach to him. It is known that the victor of Napoleon, the Duke of Wellington on the battlefield inspired his warriors with kick words: “Go ahead, scum! Go on, you bastards, scoundrels, gallows! ” All of them were recruited from the rabble by taverns and dens, other words did not reach their goal. Wellington was absolutely sure that if you praise a soldier today, he will tear you up tomorrow. But in Russia, the soldier - yesterday's landowner peasant - should have been treated differently.

FOR THE HEROIC COMMAND OF THE LEFT FLANGE OF THE ARMY IN THE FIGHT AT BORODIN  and the wounded Bagration was not awarded with anything, but was immediately dismissed

A man brought patriarchalism, artillery, community spirit to the army from the village. For him, the commander is a landowner father, strict, but fair: he can joke, or he can punish, but everything must be in truth, for the cause. Bagration, like Suvorov, knew how to find the desired and convenient free tone of relations with the soldiers, so that they loved him as their own, but did not sit on his neck. It is noteworthy that on the eve of the Battle of Borodino, only in the 2nd Army was an order issued to densely feed the soldiers and make sure that they rest before the battle.

Many examples have survived not of ostentatious, but of true concern of Prince Peter for his subordinates. His duty general, Sergei Ivanovich Mayevsky, recalled that after the Battle of Shevardin on August 24, 1812, during which Bagration continuously sent him on errands, he fell asleep dead in the yard. “The prince, walking past me with his retinue, walked as quietly as we enter the room of the dear during her sweet and quiet sleep,” wrote Mayevsky. “Such attention, in the face of the army and in the open air, cannot but lodge exalted devotion to the chief, and especially when he, passing by, said to everyone:“ Gentlemen, do not wake him, he was very tired yesterday, he needs to rest and strengthen ” ".

“He loved to live luxuriously,” said Denis Davydov, “he had plenty of everything, but for others, not for him. He was content with very little and was extremely sober. " By tradition, before each battle, the commander arranged for his generals and officers a general dinner at the headquarters: it was important for everyone to drink vodka and break bread with comrades, maybe for the last time.

Servant to the king

But what does it mean in Russia to be loved by soldiers, people, if the king on whom everything depends on you does not love you: career, success and often the opinion of contemporaries and descendants! And Bagration was not just a general, but also a courtier.

It is difficult here not to quote an excerpt from the novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy on the reception of Bagration, given to him in Moscow in 1805: “Bagration appeared in the front door, without a hat and a sword, which, according to club custom, he left with the doorman. On his face was something naive and festive, which, in conjunction with his firm, courageous features, even gave a somewhat comic expression to his face. Bekleshov and Fedor Petrovich Uvarov, who arrived with him, stopped at the door, wishing that he, as the main guest, would go ahead of them. Bagration mixed up, not wanting to take advantage of their courtesy; there was a stop at the door, and finally Bagration nevertheless walked forward. He walked without knowing where to put his hands, shyly and awkwardly on the reception parquet: it was more familiar and easier for him to walk under the bullets on a plowed field, as he walked in front of the Kursk regiment in Shengraben. ”

It seems that Tolstoy nevertheless somewhat simplifies Bagration’s personality, portraying in the novel an awkward warrior shy in luxurious lounges, accustomed only to severe battles and the whistle of bullets. The prince was much more complicated: it miraculously combined the talent of a military leader, who felt himself in his midst on the battlefield, and the gift of a “fruity” commander, a connoisseur adored by the emperor Pavel and his heirs to the military parade, as well as the ability to skilfully glide on court parquet.

For some, and quite a long time, he was approached by the kings: Paul I was pleased with the creation by Bagration of the Life Guards of the Jaeger Regiment and married the prince to one of the maids of honor of his wife Maria Fedorovna (this marriage was unsuccessful: in 1805 the frivolous beauty Ekaterina Pavlovna Bagration , nee Skavronskaya, left for Europe and did not live with her husband, the general did not have children). Later, already in the reign of Alexander I, Bagration more than once sat at the dining table with the emperor, Empresses Maria Fedorovna and Elizaveta Alekseevna and accompanied them on walks along the park paths of Pavlovsk. The prince was a courteous, original interlocutor, bringing to the tsar's table impressions and stories of a warrior who had seen a lot, an experienced person, but also a tactful courtier, who knew how to curb his Georgian temperament.

Contrary to the imperial will ...

Bagration especially fell to the court of the Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna. In 1806-1808, the prince was constantly in the narrow circle of her guests. And here, as it turned out, a mine was laid that suddenly blew up all the court welfare of Prince Peter. He began a stormy romance with the tsar’s sister, Grand Duchess Ekaterina Pavlovna, which, according to Alexander, was completely unacceptable for a Russian emperor’s subject. We also note that the sovereign himself had more than brotherly feelings for his sister and simply jealous of her for Bagration. The result was actually disgrace, the refusal to the prince, as they wrote in the 17th century, “to see the sovereign’s eyes,” he was no longer invited to the imperial table, and Princess Catherine began to urgently pick up the royal groom. Soon Peter Bagration was sent to the Moldavian army, who fought with the Turks.

There he found himself in a strange situation: the old commander, Field Marshal Alexander Alexandrovich Prozorovsky was not dismissed, and the new one — he and Bagration — were not appointed, but simply sent to help. The emperor demanded that Prozorovsky quickly cross the Danube, the occupation of Moldova, Wallachia and Bessarabia and the campaign on Istanbul. But the 75-year-old field marshal kept putting off decisive actions, with great difficulty moved to the right bank of the Danube and did not go any further. When Bagration became commander in chief, time was lost, winter was approaching, and Prince Peter, contrary to the will of the sovereign, returned troops to the left bank.

Alexander was furious: his plans for a quick exit to the Straits were crumbling. Bagration was appointed guilty and dismissed. This happened in the career of the prince: between the fate of the obedient, non-rational courtier and the share of an honest general, thinking about the interests of people, the army, the country, he chose the latter. And quite sharply defended his point of view. The emperor did not like this at all.

The Epiphany Church in the village of Sima, Vladimir Region, where Prince Bagration was buried. 1950s The temple was destroyed in the 1960s

A similar situation developed in the summer of 1812, when, with the beginning of Napoleon’s campaign against Russia, Bagration, who commanded the 2nd Western Army located on the border, refused to carry out Alexander’s decree to break through his army to join the 1st Western. He soberly assessed the situation and realized that Bonaparte was just waiting for just such a breakthrough in order to destroy first one and then the second Russian army. The French emperor even joked, seeing their hopeless situation: "I will get either a leg or a wing." Bagration, having fought hundreds of miles away, saved the 2nd Army, and it safely connected with the 1st Army near Smolensk. But nevertheless, the general did not fulfill the monarch’s initial will, and in general his cross was put an end to: on the post of commander in chief they preferred to see Kutuzov, the sovereign was cold with him, for the heroic command of the left flank of the army in the battle of Borodino and Bagration was not wounded He was awarded nothing, and was immediately dismissed.

He died in the village of Sima on September 12, 1812, never knowing that he had already been written off. An experienced doctor was not sent to him, and as a result, the prince was treated by ignorant Aesculapius ... He, a healthy man with a wound in his leg (the wound, admittedly by modern doctors, was not fatal), in essence, was killed by improper treatment.

The emperor was indifferent to the memory of Bagration. When the chief of staff of the 2nd Army Count E.F. Saint-Prix asked to transport the body of the general to St. Petersburg, Alexander actually refused him. Tsar’s disgrace was not mitigated even by the death of the prince. For the same reason, a monument to the great Russian commander in front of the Kazan Cathedral was not erected. Only a quarter century later, in 1839, at the initiative of Denis Davydov, his ashes were transferred from a modest church in the village of Sima to the Borodino field. But even there he had no peace: during the explosion in 1932 by the Bolsheviks of the main monument to the heroes of Borodin, the tomb of Bagration was also torn apart. The bones partially scattered by the explosion were collected in a shoe box, and for a long time they were stored somewhere. Only in 1987, the remains of Bagration were buried. Now, finally, you can repeat the words of the epitaph, which was originally supposed to be written on his grave: "Dust here - glory everywhere."

Evgeny ANISIMOV, Doctor of Historical Sciences